Current understanding of immune priming phenomena in insects

Sułek, Michał; Kordaczuk, Jakub; Wojda, Iwona

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2021.107656

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The first step to start immune responses is PRRs to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which in turn activate immune signaling pathways and produce immune effects, and this may be the key step in immune priming ( Schmid-Hempel, 2005 ; Sułek et al, 2021 ). It has been found that the innate immune system of insects has a variety of PRRs ( Kim et al, 2000 ; Zaidman-Rémy et al, 2011 ; Meiers et al, 2019 ; Li, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-exposure to Candida albicans induce trans-generational immune priming and gene expression of Musca domestica

Jia²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Insects have the phenomenon of immune priming by which they can have enhanced protection against reinfection with the same pathogen, and this immune protection can be passed on to their offspring, which is defined as “trans-generational immune priming (TGIP).” But whether housefly possesses TGIP is still unclear. Therefore, we used the housefly as the insect model and Candida albicans as the pathogen to explore whether the housefly is capable of eliciting TGIP, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to explore the molecular mechanism of TGIP of the housefly. We found that the housefly possesses TGIP, and adults pre-exposed to heat-killed C. albicans could confer protection to itself and its offspring upon reinfection with a lethal dose of C. albicans. RNA-seq results showed that 30 and 154 genes were differentially expressed after adults were primed with heat-killed C. albicans (CA-A) and after offspring larvae were challenged with a lethal dose of C. albicans (CA-CA-G), respectively. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), there were 23 immune genes, including 6 pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), 7 immune effectors, and 10 immunoregulatory molecules. More importantly, multiple DEGs were involved in the Toll signaling pathway and phagosome signaling pathway, suggesting that the Toll signaling pathway and phagocytosis might play important roles in the process of TGIP of housefly to C. albicans. Our results expanded on previous studies and provided parameters for exploring the mechanism of TGIP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-exposure to Candida albicans induce trans-generational immune priming and gene expression of Musca domestica

Jia²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…It is proved that insect hematological parameters are affected by biotic factors, including pathogens, nematodes, and parasitoids, as well as abiotic factors, such as age, sex, pesticides, and starvation [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the level of insect immunity, a combination of the level of parasite threat, developmental stage, and sex may influence how much investment individuals will allocate to their immune system and the type of response [ 17 , 18 ]. Insects defend themselves against bacteria with humoral and cellular immune responses that have been shown to be an important determinant for stopping the progress of infections [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insects defend themselves against bacteria with humoral and cellular immune responses that have been shown to be an important determinant for stopping the progress of infections [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Recently, it has even been observed that insects display a phenomenon called “immune priming”, resulting in increased resistance upon repeated infection of an individual (within the generation) or of the progeny of immune-challenged parent(s) (across generations) [ 18 ]. However, research on how insect immunity changes with age, within an instar, or in larval stages is limited and contradictory [ 18 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it has even been observed that insects display a phenomenon called “immune priming”, resulting in increased resistance upon repeated infection of an individual (within the generation) or of the progeny of immune-challenged parent(s) (across generations) [ 18 ]. However, research on how insect immunity changes with age, within an instar, or in larval stages is limited and contradictory [ 18 , 22 , 23 ]. For example, hemocytes play important roles throughout the growth and development of insects, and their response magnitudes can increase over ontogeny [ 1 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Bacillus thuringiensis Affect the Stress and Immune Responses of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Larvae, Females, and Males in the Same Way?

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is considered a potentially useful entomopathogen against red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. We compared the effects of Bt on mature larvae, females, and males. The pathogenicity of Bt was evaluated, estimating: Median Lethal Dose (LD50), Median Lethal Time (LT50), Total Hemocyte Count (THC), and Differential Hemocyte Counts (DHC), and the expression of the stress protein Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp 70) in hemocytes and the brain. Mortality exhibited a positive trend with the dosage and duration of exposure to Bt. Larvae were more susceptible than adults, and the LD50 of females was almost double the value of that of the larvae. LT50 value was higher for females than for males and larvae. Treatment with sub-lethal doses of Bt induced a decrease in THC in larvae, females, and males. In treated larvae, plasmatocytes decreased, while oenocytes and spherulocytes increased. In treated females, all types of hemocytes decreased, while in males the number of plasmatocytes decreased and granulocytes increased. We also registered the stress response directly on hemocytes showing that, already at 3 h after eating Bt, the expression of the stress protein Hsp 70 was modulated. This effect was also observed in brain tissue at 6 h after treatment. The results confirm that Bt treatment induces a pathogenic state in larvae and adults of both sexes, with effects after only a few hours from ingestion; however, the effects are different in magnitude and in type of target.

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Immune priming with Candida albicans induces a shift in cellular immunity and gene expression of Musca domestica

Jia

Jiao

et al. 2022

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Current understanding of immune priming phenomena in insects

Cited by 15 publications

References 124 publications

Pre-exposure to Candida albicans induce trans-generational immune priming and gene expression of Musca domestica

Pre-exposure to Candida albicans induce trans-generational immune priming and gene expression of Musca domestica

Does Bacillus thuringiensis Affect the Stress and Immune Responses of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Larvae, Females, and Males in the Same Way?

Immune priming with Candida albicans induces a shift in cellular immunity and gene expression of Musca domestica

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