Current trends of drug resistance patterns of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in blood transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients

Almani, Suhail Ahmed; Ali, Naseer; Maheshwari, Sanjay Kumar; Maroof, Pir; Naseer, Raza; Khoharo, Haji Khan

doi:10.4103/jgid.jgid_151_16

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause major health problems in immunocompromised individuals, especially patients in intensive care units (Elhosseiny & Attia, 2018). The clinical manifestations of A. baumannii infections include ventilator-associated pneumonia, urinary tract infection, wound and soft tissue infections, meningitis, intra-abdominal infection, bacteremia, and catheter-related infection (Almani et al, 2017; Hurley, 2016; Shojaei et al, 2016; Teng et al, 2015). In recent years, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has increased, and many A. baumannii strains have been shown to develop antibiotic resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of capsule depolymerase Dpo48 from Acinetobacter baumannii phage IME200

Liu

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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BackgroundThe emergence of multidrug- or extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has made it difficult to treat and control infections caused by this bacterium. It is urgently necessary to search for alternatives to conventional antibiotics for control of severe A. baumannii infections. In recent years, bacteriophages and their derivatives, such as depolymerases, showed great potential as antibacterial or antivirulence agents against bacterial infections. Nonetheless, unlike broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotics, phage-encoded depolymerase targets only a limited number of bacterial strains. Therefore, identification of novel depolymerases and evaluation of their ability to control A. baumannii infections is important.MethodsA bacteriophage was isolated from hospital sewage using an extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii strain as the host bacterium, and the phage’s plaque morphology and genomic composition were studied. A polysaccharide depolymerase (Dpo48) was expressed and identified, and the effects of pH and temperature on its activity were determined. Besides, a serum killing assay was conducted, and amino acid sequences homologous to those of putative polysaccharide depolymerases were compared.ResultsPhage IME200 yielded clear plaques surrounded by enlarged halos, with polysaccharide depolymerase activity against the host bacterium. A tail fiber protein with a Pectate_lyase_3 domain was identified as Dpo48 and characterized . Dpo48 was found to degrade the capsule polysaccharide of the bacterial surface, as revealed by Alcian blue staining. Dpo48 manifested stable activity over a broad range of pH (5.0–9.0) and temperatures (20–70 °C). Results from in vitro serum killing assays indicated that 50% serum was sufficient to cause a five log reduction of overnight enzyme-treated bacteria, with serum complement playing an important role in these killing assays. Moreover, Dpo48 had a spectrum of activity exactly the same as its parental phage IME200, which was active against 10 out of 41 A. baumannii strains. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that the putative tail fiber proteins had a relatively short, highly conserved domain in their N-terminal sequences, but their amino acid sequences containing pectate lyase domains, found in the C-terminal regions, were highly diverse.ConclusionsPhage-encoded capsule depolymerases may become promising antivirulence agents for preventing and controlling A. baumannii infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of capsule depolymerase Dpo48 from Acinetobacter baumannii phage IME200

Liu

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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“…Patients with more than two comorbidities were more likely to acquire MDR-related infections; thus, the early medical stabilization of such cases may significantly impact clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, multiple studies statistically correlated the acquisition of MDR-related infections with blood transfusion during admission [29,30], which could be an opportunity to reduce the acquisition of MDR-related infections when adopting robust infection control measures, and commitment to clearly indicated rather than routine blood transfusion, especially since the hospital-acquisition of MDR bacteria in our cohort was very significant.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Mdr-related Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections in G6PD-Deficient Hospitalized Patients—Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Related Mortality

Alrahmany

Omar

Harb³

et al. 2022

Antibiotics

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G6PD deficiency is a genetic disease that weakens the immune system and renders affected individuals susceptible to infections. In the Sultanate of Oman resides a high number of recorded G6PD cases due to widespread consanguineous marriage, which may reach 25% of the population. We studied the infection patterns and risk factors for mortality to provide antimicrobial stewardship recommendations for these patients. After obtaining ethical approval, a registry of recorded cases was consulted retrospectively to include G6PD-deficient adult patients admitted to Suhar hospital over 5 years with microbiologically confirmed infections. Patient demographics, health-related information, infection causes, treatment, and clinical outcomes were studied. Data were analyzed to describe infection patterns and risk factors. Several variables, including underlying comorbidities and hospitalization details, such as length of stay, admission to critical care unit, blood transfusion, or exposure to an invasive procedure, were statistically associated with the acquisition of multidrug-resistant and hospital-acquired infections. Meanwhile, these infections were associated with a high mortality rate (28%), significantly associated with the patient’s health status and earlier exposure to antimicrobial treatment due to previous bacterial infection. The high prevalence of G6PD deficiency among the Omani population should alert practitioners to take early action when dealing with such cases during infection that requires hospitalization. Strict infection control measures, Gram-negative empiric coverage, hospital discharge as early as possible, and potent targeted antimicrobial therapy in this patient population can ameliorate the treatment outcomes and should be emphasized by the antimicrobial stewardship team.

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“…Sonication is a process that uses acoustic energy to agitate particles in a solution. This method is useful and recommended to be applied to remove microbial biofilms from the biomaterial surface [ 75 ]. The suspected source of infection (e.g., implant) is removed from the patient and subjected for sonication.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Biofilm Mediated Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process disrupts strongly adhered biomass and releases the biofilm into the solution allowing further analysis to further identify the microbial species [ 76 ]. Sonication has been shown to be useful in removing biofilms from urinary catheters, cardiac implantable electronic devices, and prosthetic implants [ 75 , 76 , 77 ].…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Biofilm Mediated Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the Bacterial Protective Armour; Challenges and Novel Strategies in the Treatment of Microbial Biofilm

et al. 2018

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Infectious disease caused by pathogenic bacteria continues to be the primary challenge to humanity. Antimicrobial resistance and microbial biofilm formation in part, lead to treatment failures. The formation of biofilms by nosocomial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) on medical devices and on the surfaces of infected sites bring additional hurdles to existing therapies. In this review, we discuss the challenges encountered by conventional treatment strategies in the clinic. We also provide updates on current on-going research related to the development of novel anti-biofilm technologies. We intend for this review to provide understanding to readers on the current problem in health-care settings and propose new ideas for new intervention strategies to reduce the burden related to microbial infections.

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Current trends of drug resistance patterns of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in blood transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Identification and characterization of capsule depolymerase Dpo48 from Acinetobacter baumannii phage IME200

Identification and characterization of capsule depolymerase Dpo48 from Acinetobacter baumannii phage IME200

Infections in G6PD-Deficient Hospitalized Patients—Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Related Mortality

Targeting the Bacterial Protective Armour; Challenges and Novel Strategies in the Treatment of Microbial Biofilm

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