Current Trends in Biomaterial Utilization for Cardiopulmonary System Regeneration

Abstract

The cardiopulmonary system is made up of the heart and the lungs, with the core function of one complementing the other. The unimpeded and optimal cycling of blood between these two systems is pivotal to the overall function of the entire human body. Although the function of the cardiopulmonary system appears uncomplicated, the tissues that make up this system are undoubtedly complex. Hence, damage to this system is undesirable as its capacity to self-regenerate is quite limited. The surge in the incidence and prevalence of cardiopulmonary diseases has reached a critical state for a top-notch response as it currently tops the mortality table. Several therapies currently being utilized can only sustain chronically ailing patients for a short period while they are awaiting a possible transplant, which is also not devoid of complications. Regenerative therapeutic techniques now appear to be a potential approach to solve this conundrum posed by these poorly self-regenerating tissues. Stem cell therapy alone appears not to be sufficient to provide the desired tissue regeneration and hence the drive for biomaterials that can support its transplantation and translation, providing not only physical support to seeded cells but also chemical and physiological cues to the cells to facilitate tissue regeneration. The cardiac and pulmonary systems, although literarily seen as just being functionally and spatially cooperative, as shown by their diverse and dissimilar adult cellular and tissue composition has been proven to share some common embryological codevelopment. However, necessitating their consideration for separate review is the immense adult architectural difference in these systems. This review also looks at details on new biological and synthetic biomaterials, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and organ decellularization for cardiopulmonary regenerative therapies.

Combination of melt-electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds and hepatocyte-like cells from footprint-free hiPSCs to create 3D biohybrid constructs for liver tissue engineering

“…Moreover, repopulated decellularized liver scaffolds often lack an intact vascular network, and bear the risk of post-transplant hemorrhage and thrombosis. But also general aspects like species 55 or the length of scaffold preservation or storage 56 complicate the application of decellularized scaffolds. Therefore, the generation and application of artificial scaffolds can help to overcome these challenges.…”

Case Study: Application of Orem's Self-Care Theory in Patients with Post Mitral Valve Surgery

“…Beberapa dari penyakit ini dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan yang cukup besar pada jaringan organ-organ dan kadangkadang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan yang tidak dapat diperbaiki pada bagianbagian organ tersebut, sehingga mengganggu fungsi keseluruhannya, akibatnya dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup individu yang terdampak. Tugas kedua sistem ini begitu integral, sehingga keadaan penyakit kronis di satu sistem akan selalu mempengaruhi fungsi efisien yang lain (Fakoya et al, 2018).…”

Toward Cardiac Regeneration: Combination of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Therapies and Bioengineering Strategies

“…To overcome this problem, several strategies have been proposed and demonstrated the ability to tune its mechanical properties; among these, Deng et al (2010) showed that addition of chitosan is sufficient to increase the compression modulus of collagen fibrils (Geng et al, 2018). Indeed, the compression modulus of the collagen increases when combined with chitosan or elastin, whereas its tensile modulus is reduced, conferring greater stability to the heart and minimizing the ventricular wall dilatation (Fakoya et al, 2018). On this regard, it is worth mentioning the very recent work from Lee et al (2019), who developed the FRESH methodology to 3D-bioprint collagen with improved mechanical properties, allowing the fabrication of cardiac components of different sizes.…”