Current trends and future perspectives in the recycling of spent lead acid batteries in India

Varshney, Kalpna; Varshney, Pragya; Gautam, Kajal; Tanwar, Monika; Chaudhary, Meghna

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.168

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For instance, estimates have shown that there could be between 10,000 and 30,000 informal lead-acid battery recyclers in 90 low-and middle-income countries that pose a major threat to up to 16 million people 122 . Such sites elevate levels of lead in soils and plants 123 and have caused higher concentrations of the metal in children's blood in Serbia 124 , Australia 125 , China 126 and India 127,128 . Informal sites rarely control their harmful emissions, are subject to weak or no regulation, and are often located within residential areas 124,129,130 .…”

Section: E-waste Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries

Mrozik

Rajaeifar

Heidrich

et al. 2021

Energy Environ. Sci.

379

153

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Section: E-waste Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries

Mrozik

Rajaeifar

Heidrich

et al. 2021

Energy Environ. Sci.

379

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…7 shows a heat-map superimposed on the world map with the json data of geographic information. 2 Recently, 15 developed countries: Australia [20], [30], Austria [58], [82], Canada [13], China [26], [31], [38], [91], [92], India [18], [29], Italy [61], Korea [28], Malaysia [65], Malta [93], Poland [83], Portugal [94], Russia [19], Slovenia [17], UK [55], and USA [49] have worked on this topic on a large scale.…”

Section: B Global Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for Future Robotic Sorters of Mixed Industrial Waste: A Survey

Kiyokawa

Takamatsu

Koyanaka

2024

IEEE Trans. Automat. Sci. Eng.

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To achieve recycling of mixed industrial waste toward an advanced sustainable society, waste sorting automation through robots is crucial and urgent. For this purpose, a robot is required to recognize the category, shape, pose, and condition of different waste items and manipulate them according to the category to be sorted. This survey considers three potential difficulties in the sorting automation: 1) End-effector: to robustly grasp and manipulate different waste items with dirt and deformations; 2) Sensor: to recognize the category, shape, and pose of existing objects to be manipulated and the wet and dirty conditions of their surfaces; and 3) Planner: to generate feasible and efficient sequences and trajectories. This survey includes 76 references to studies related to automatic waste sorting and 159 references to worldwide waste recycling attempts. This pioneering investigation reveals the possibility and limitations of conventional systems; thus, providing insights on open issues and potential technologies to achieve a robot-incorporated sorter for the chaotic mixed waste is one of its contributions. This paper further presents a system design policy for readers and discusses future advanced sorters, thereby contributing to the field of robotics and automation.Note to Practitioners-Most automated sorting systems operate for limited target waste items. This study is motivated by the automation of mixed industrial waste treatment facilities using advanced robotic sorters. Emerging advances and increasing functionalities of robot system components will widen system applicability and increase use cases in the chaotic mixed industrial waste domain. This paper surveys the research conducted to date, discusses open issues and potential approaches, and presents user guides that provide practitioners with a system design policy. The user guides created according to the strengths and weaknesses of each system configuration provide future researchers and developers with a useful a priori design policy that has been thus far validated on efficiency, quality, productivity, and reliability. A question-and-answer style guide Manuscript

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“…The main factor contributing to this high prevalence worldwide is the fact that lead acid batteries are almost 100% recyclable. After the recycling process, lead can be reused to produce lead oxide and battery grids [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. A battery is made of several interconnected cells placed in a housing ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Oxide Production in Barton Reactor—Effect of Increased Air Humidity on Lead Oxide Production Parameters

2022

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The paper presents tests of lead oxidation in a Barton reactor with a capacity of 1200 kg PbO/h, divided into two series. The first series was carried out in conditions of high humidity of the air supplied to the reactor (59–61%), and the second series in conditions of low humidity (19–21%). The study used lead of various purity levels, the main impurities of which were bismuth and silver. The obtained results show that the use of air with a humidity of about 60% in the process allows us to obtain high-quality PbO and has a positive effect on processing parameters such as the amount of lead processed and the efficiency of the process. The mentioned processing parameters significantly influence the production cost of lead oxide. The effect of lead impurities on the process of lead oxidation and the quality of the obtained product was noticed. This dependence is especially visible in the case of the process efficiency, the amount of lead processed per time unit and the amount of formed scrap. The increase in the content of impurities adversely affects each of the parameters mentioned. Optimal parameters of lead oxide regarding the expected acid absorption at the level above 16 g H2SO4/100 g PbO and the degree of oxidation at the level of 75% were obtained for the air humidity of about 60% with the content of pollutants below 100 ppm. The paper presents data on the process parameters and the relationships between them, unpublished in the literature.

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Current trends and future perspectives in the recycling of spent lead acid batteries in India

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries

Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries

Challenges for Future Robotic Sorters of Mixed Industrial Waste: A Survey

Lead Oxide Production in Barton Reactor—Effect of Increased Air Humidity on Lead Oxide Production Parameters

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