Current Treatments of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Amygdala Ablation as a Potential Cutting-Edge Therapy in Its Refractory Cases

Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a very common psychiatric disorder occurring in an individual of any age, gender, or race who underwent trauma, with women being twice more at risk than men. It is generally seen more in American Indians, United States Latinos, and African American ethnic groups. A patient is diagnosed with PTSD if the symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, changes in cognition and emotions, arousal, and mood reactivity changes persist for more than a month and cause the individual severe difficulty in their everyday cognitive and psychological functioning. The psychological treatment includes numerous therapies including trauma-focused therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy, prolonged exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and nontrauma-focused therapies such as relaxation techniques, interpersonal therapy, and mindfulness. Various pharmacological measures have also been tried with mixed results such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, adrenergic drugs, atypical antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers like lithium and valproate. As numerous studies have proven, PTSD is linked with right-side stimulation of the amygdala. The purpose of this article is to highlight the use of extremely selective laser ablation of the amygdalahippocampal unit as a successful surgical intervention for medically unresponsive PTSD and as a revolutionary solution and prospective cutting-edge therapy in the near future.

Molecular Targets and Repositioned Drugs For the Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

“…Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB), fiziksel hasar veya kaygı gibi zihinsel şok içeren bir kazayı takiben görülen travmanın neden olduğu zihinsel bir hastalıktır (Stein et al 2014). Bu hastalık kadınlarda, erkeklerden iki kat daha fazla sıklıkta görülmektedir (Prajjwal et. al.…”