Current technological trends in biosensors, nanoparticle devices and biolabels: Hi‐tech network sensing applications

Abstract

Biosensors are micro‐analytical devices usually coupled to a bio‐integrated transducer that emits signal to measure specific molecules as an analyte, either qualitatively or quantitatively for various downstream applications. Improved detection methods at quantum level in nanoscale became a reality due to the invention of integrated circuits involving nanoparticle devices and biolabels. Next level of discoveries leads to the identification of novel particulates to improve the specificity and sensitivity for single analyte detection. Although different kinds of biosensors show promise for multifaceted applications in science and technology, certain limitations do exist in terms of portability, selectivity and sensitivity as well as in multi‐analyte detection. Recent methodical advancements involving nanomaterials or nanoparticles/metals in combination with biomarkers or biolabels as sensors provide new insights to solve these limitations to prepare flawless detecting devices. These technical advances are evident in modern‐day sensors including hand‐held, smartphone‐based, wearable and flexible sensors developed for multifaceted applications. This concise review article describes the new technological trends in the development of biosensors integrated to nanoparticle devices and/or biolabels involving hi‐tech network system for better efficiency. Future perspectives on new technological developments for effective combination of several nanomaterials and biolabels with strategic engineering methodology were highlighted.

Biosensors Technologies for Point-of-Care Testing – A Review

“…They permit continuous analytes monitoring, which provides detailed information unattainable by intermittent blood sampling, including real-time, "24/7" display of analyte level and rate of changes [14]. Many constructed systems are using the "smart materials", such as graphene, nanoparticles, which are focused on the monitoring of biological fluids, for instance, interstitial fluids, breath, sweat, saliva and tears [15].…”

Advances and current challenges in non‐invasive wearable sensors and wearable biosensors—A mini‐review

“…Technological advancement in wearable sensors (WS) and wearable biosensors (WBS) received much attention due to their ability to collect useful real‐time information about the health of individuals and their high specificity, portability, data acquisition speed, low costs and low power consumption increasingly improved in the last years (Bandodkar et al, 2016; Kim, Campbell, et al, 2019; Qiao et al, 2020; Ray, Choi, Bandodkar, et al, 2019). Due to its potential to provide continuous and real‐time physiological data through constant and non‐invasive measurements of various biochemical markers in the most varied body biofluids, the area of the wearable devices has advanced exponentially over the past decade (Kim, Campbell, et al, 2019; Salim & Lim, 2019; Vigneshvar & Senthilkumaran, 2018). Many innovative tools have been presented in a wide range of applications (Chang et al, 2019; Gray et al, 2018; Noah et al, 2017; Purohit et al, 2020; Scognamiglio & Arduini, 2019).…”

“…In this context, WS can be used to monitor a wide range of targets, such as body movements, or signals from the environment outside the body, such as exposure to vapours or environmental toxins. WBS, in turn, are even more specific, defined as biological recognition sensor devices, which allow the detection of a specific target, such as ion, molecule, enzyme, cell receptor, antibody or organelle (Gray et al, 2018; Reid & Mahbub, 2020; Vigneshvar & Senthilkumaran, 2018). A biosensor contains at least two fundamental units: a specific biological receptor responsible for selective analyte recognition and a transducer accountable for making the detected signal a useful signal (Gray et al, 2018; Kim, Campbell, et al, 2019).…”

Electrospinning for the manufacture of biosensor components: A mini‐review

“…Biosensors have become an indispensable tool in the medical field to detect and quantify biological analytes that can then be easily quantified to the end user (Goode et al, 2015). A great example of a highly utilized biosensor can be found within blood‐glucose tests which have surely transformed the way this disease affects the human population and have revolutionized the ease‐of‐use of such devices (Newman & Turner, 2005; Vigneshvar & Senthilkumaran, 2018; Wang, 2001). As the technology for biological detection advances, there is a necessity for novel methods to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the readings, as well as to detect for newer and less obviously characterized diseases.…”