Current status of rabies and prospects for elimination

Fooks, Anthony R.; Banyard, Ashley C.; Horton, Daniel L.; Johnson, Nicholas; McElhinney, Lorraine M.; Jackson, Alan C.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62707-5

Cited by 393 publications

(357 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Rabies is a classic "One Health" challenge (3): more than 99% of these deaths arise from exposure to a rabid dog (4). Vaccines exist to prevent canine rabies as do human vaccines, which are the primary component of postexposure prophylactic (PEP) regimens after a dog bite (5,6). However, imperfect awareness (7) compounded by variable accessibility of PEP (8) has resulted in the persistence of human rabies fatalities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India

Fitzpatrick

Shah

Pandey

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Over 20,000 rabies deaths occur annually in India, representing one-third of global human rabies. The Indian state of Tamil Nadu has pioneered a "One Health" committee to address the challenge of rabies in dogs and humans. Currently, rabies control in Tamil Nadu involves postexposure vaccination of humans after dog bites, whereas potential supplemental approaches include canine vaccination and sterilization. We developed a data-driven rabies transmission model fit to human rabies autopsy data and human rabies surveillance data from Tamil Nadu. Integrating local estimates for canine demography and costs, we predicted the impact of canine vaccination and sterilization on human health outcomes and evaluated cost-effectiveness according to the WHO criteria for India, which correspond to thresholds of $1,582 and $4,746 per disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for very cost-effective and cost-effective strategies, respectively. We found that highly feasible strategies focused on stray dogs, vaccinating as few as 7% of dogs annually, could very cost-effectively reduce human rabies deaths by 70% within 5 y, and a modest expansion to vaccinating 13% of stray dogs could cost-effectively reduce human rabies by almost 90%. Through integration over parameter uncertainty, we find that, for a cost-effectiveness threshold above $1,400 per DALY, canine interventions are at least 95% likely to be optimal. If owners are willing to bring dogs to central point campaigns at double the rate that campaign teams can capture strays, expanded annual targets become cost-effective. This case study of cost-effective canine interventions in Tamil Nadu may have applicability to other settings in India and beyond. mathematical modeling | cost-effectiveness | rabies | sterilization | vaccination

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India

Fitzpatrick

Shah

Pandey

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The One Health approach exemplifies inter-sectoral communication and collaboration, where different disciplines combine their skills and resources towards a common, achievable goal (Day, 2011). As rabies is vaccine-preventable, with all of the required tools readily available, the One Health approach becomes key in implementing these tools in the most efficacious manner in order to control and eliminate rabies within a timely, yet realistic, period (Fooks et al, 2014;Meslin and Briggs, 2013).…”

Section: The Global Burden Of Rabiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the spirit of the One Health approach, the co-ordination of veterinary sectors implementing mass dog vaccination campaigns and medical sectors treating dog bite wounds and administering post-exposure prophylaxis is important (Fooks et al, 2014). Furthermore, the coordination between both sectors to follow up on dog-bites and investigate the exposures of other dogs/animals and humans as illustrated by Integrated Bite Case Management (IBCM) is key for enhancing effective rabies control.…”

Section: The Global Burden Of Rabiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pan-African Rabies Control Network (PARACON): A unified approach to eliminating canine rabies in Africa

et al. 2015

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Even though Africa has the highest per capita death rate from rabies of any continent, and rabies is almost entirely transmitted by the bites of rabid dogs, there has been no coordinated pan-African approach to controlling canine rabies. In order to attain an inclusive and unified network, the PanAfrican Rabies Control Network (PARACON) was established in 2014. By following the 'One Health' concept, which involves close coordination between animal and human health sectors across national, regional and continental levels, PARACON will provide a platform to facilitate and promote coordinated and sustainable control strategies and programmes. Meetings will take place at regular intervals and will be centred on the involvement by key focal persons from the medical and veterinary sectors. The inaugural meeting was held in South Africa in June, 2015 and was focused around interactive discussions and workshops, whilst updating country representatives on the tools available to aid them in developing and implementing sustainable rabies intervention strategies. Experts from various global organizations, institutions and industry participated in the discussions and shared their experience and expertise. The workshops focused on the latest format of the Rabies Blueprint platform (www.rabiesblueprint.com), which in the broadest sense assists with control and elimination campaigns, including educational and advocacy drives, improvement of surveillance and diagnosis and the systematic monitoring of progress. Together with the stepwise approach towards rabies elimination, the Blueprint is a planning tool to help countries free themselves from canine-transmitted rabies.

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“…There are no currently licensed vaccines for use in humans to prevent infection by emerging NSVs. Furthermore, while effective vaccines are available for MeV and RABV, these viruses continue to cause significant loss of human life [annual fatality rates of approximately 150 000 (World Health Organisation, 2014) and 60 000 (Fooks et al, 2014), respectively] largely due to economic and political barriers to effective distribution and coverage and limitations in medical infrastructure in some geographical regions that prevent effective regimen delivery. Thus, the development of novel approaches to treat or prevent NSV infections is a high priority.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of nuclear trafficking in infection by cytoplasmic negative-strand RNA viruses: paramyxoviruses and beyond

Audsley

Jans

Moseley

2016

Journal of General Virology

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Genome replication and virion production by most negative-sense RNA viruses (NSVs) occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm, but many NSV-expressed proteins undergo active nucleocytoplasmic trafficking via signals that exploit cellular nuclear transport pathways. Nuclear trafficking has been reported both for NSV accessory proteins (including isoforms of the rabies virus phosphoprotein, and V, W and C proteins of paramyxoviruses) and for structural proteins. Trafficking of the former is thought to enable accessory functions in viral modulation of antiviral responses including the type I IFN system, but the intranuclear roles of structural proteins such as nucleocapsid and matrix proteins, which have critical roles in extranuclear replication and viral assembly, are less clear. Nevertheless, nuclear trafficking of matrix protein has been reported to be critical for efficient production of Nipah virus and Respiratory syncytial virus, and nuclear localization of nucleocapsid protein of several morbilliviruses has been linked to mechanisms of immune evasion. Together, these data point to the nucleus as a significant host interface for viral proteins during infection by NSVs with otherwise cytoplasmic life cycles. Importantly, several lines of evidence now suggest that nuclear trafficking of these proteins may be critical to pathogenesis and thus could provide new targets for vaccine development and antiviral therapies.

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Current status of rabies and prospects for elimination

Cited by 393 publications

References 108 publications

One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India

One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India

The Pan-African Rabies Control Network (PARACON): A unified approach to eliminating canine rabies in Africa

Roles of nuclear trafficking in infection by cytoplasmic negative-strand RNA viruses: paramyxoviruses and beyond

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