Current status of biological treatment options in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Eapen, Valsamma; Nicholls, Laura; Spagnol, Vanessa; Mathew, Nisha E.

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2017.07.025

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, despite of their use, have been questioned today, since a recent systematic review has indicated the existence of evidence of the ineffectiveness of this class of antidepressants in autistic children, as well as the possibility of serious adverse effects [8]. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves only two drugs to treat the symptoms of autistic patients: the antipsychotics risperidone and aripiprazole, drugs not used in 1997, more recently appearing as an alternative for the control of irritability, aggressiveness, self-injury and fits of rage in children with autism spectrum disorder [4,9]. These antipsychotics, however, should be reserved for patients with severe behavioral problems and their use should be made with caution because of the possibility of metabolic effects that include weight gain, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, in addition to sedation [4,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review study has shown different pharmacotherapeutic targets that may become potential treatment for autism spectrum disorder and seek to identify molecular pathways and cellular processes involved in autism. Among the therapeutic targets described, we have neurotransmission systems, in which drugs like antipsychotics (risperidone and aripiprazole) act signaling pathways in which rapamycin and its derivatives have been investigated as potential treatment for autistic patients; and the pathway involving neuromodulatory systems, with oxytocin as an example of a drug that may play an important role in social interaction in these patients [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ousley & Cermak [11] highlight the clinical heterogeneity of patients with autism spectrum disorder, which represents a great challenge for the identification of effective treatments, and an important target for research in autism is the search to minimize this heterogeneity through the best characterization of the patients and thus identify the best treatment for the subgroups. Eapen et al [9], also focus on the genetic heterogeneity of autistic patients as a factor that impedes the therapeutic intervention in these patients, while suggesting that studies related to the elucidation of genetic variants may bring advances in the pharmacological therapy of patients with autism spectrum disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Different Forms of Pharmacological Treatment

Aragão¹

2017

GJPPS

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a group of neuro developmental disorders characterized by symptoms related to difficulties in social interaction and communication, as well as stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. To this present date, the treatment of ASD is based on the use of drugs, which help in the control of symptoms, and clinical manifestations that are quite heterogeneous, and there is still no cure for this pathology. The present mini-review aimed to describe the main therapeutic options used in the treatment of patients with autism spectrum disorders over the last 20years. It has been observed that the pharmacological therapy for ASD is based on the use of drugs developed for other disorders, and there are currently no specific treatments for the underlying disease, but only for the symptoms manifested, demonstrating that this disorder needs to be better understood for the success of research on new therapeutic options.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Different Forms of Pharmacological Treatment

Aragão¹

2017

GJPPS

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“…Son zamanlarda yapılan birçok araştırma sonucunda OSB ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülen önemli genetik mutasyonlar belirlenmiştir 6 . OSB'nin büyük oranda (% 50) kalıtımsal olarak aktarılan genel genetik varyantlarla ve daha az oranda (% 10-25) kopya sayısı varyasyonları (copy number variants/ CNV) ve tek nükleotid polimorfizmleri (single nucleotide polymorphisms/ SNP) ile ilişkili olabileceği varsayılmaktadır 7 . Hastalığın fenotipik çeşitliliği çoklu genlerin etkileşerek farklı gen kombinasyonları oluşturmasına bağlı olabileceğinden OSB, birden çok genetik altyapı bozukluğu ile ortaya çıkan heterojen bir hastalık olarak tanımlanabilmektedir 8 .…”

Section: Osb'de Genetik Etmenlerunclassified

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğuna Moleküler Bakış: Genetik ve İmmünolojik Etmenler ile Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası üzerine Bulgular

Gurbanov

2020

Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi

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As one of the increasing problems of our age, autism spectrum disorder is an umbrella term used for heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders such as inadequacy in social development, repetitive motor movements, and retardation in language development. Autism has been argued to be associated with mutations that may occur in different chromosomal regions. Therefore, it has been suggested that genetic factors may play a role in the etiology of the disease. Immunological and immunogenetic changes are the other factors that have been suggested to contribute to the etiology of the disease. In the emergence of autism, besides the genetic factors, the potential effects of environmental factors on functional disorders should not be ignored. In this sense, it has been reported that the intestinal microbiome may be involved in the etiology and/or pathophysiology of autism, and it has been shown that impaired microbiome can cause autistic behaviors by affecting the immune system and central nervous system. In this work, current studies to comprehend the etiology of autism have been reviewed and the potentials of gene and microbiome-oriented therapeutic options in the treatment of autism have been discussed.

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“…Autism is not generally suspected until the child reaches three years of age because parents usually do not notice early signs until the child starts to speak [ 4 ]. Characterized by a loss of non-verbal communication skills and only a few words, symptoms generally appear in early childhood, whereas for some patients, the symptoms may occur late in life [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Prediction and Evaluation of Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Ashmawi¹,

Hammoda²

2022

Cureus

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Autism is a neuro-developmental condition that first appears at less than three years of age. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include several symptoms, such as social communication impairment, stereotyping behaviors, speech abnormalities, and impairment of eye contact. Its prevalence has increased recently, and several factors play a role in increasing the risk of autism. Multiple studies and research explain the factors affecting the rate of autism, and in this article, we will review most of these factors. The aim of this review article is to increase awareness of the problem of autism and provide scientifically relevant information about the etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, and management of ASD. Our perception of autism has evolved over time. A few years ago, the condition was nothing more than an unrecognized developmental delay, generally with intellectual disabilities. Today, it is recognized as a major public health issue and a topic of much research. Researchers have struggled to find a cause for ASD, and numerous treatments have been developed to maximize the potential to learn and become socially fluent, no matter how strong the impairments may be. Although there is no cure, there have been significant strides in identifying and developing treatments. Early prediction of autism is beneficial in an individual's treatment, which can be carried out by recognizing the risk factors of infants, thus leading to improved outcomes or even a complete cure. The prevalence of ASD has increased, and earlier prediction leads to the best outcomes.

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Current status of biological treatment options in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 10 publications

References 119 publications

Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Different Forms of Pharmacological Treatment

Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Different Forms of Pharmacological Treatment

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğuna Moleküler Bakış: Genetik ve İmmünolojik Etmenler ile Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası üzerine Bulgular

Early Prediction and Evaluation of Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders

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