Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğuna Moleküler Bakış: Genetik ve İmmünolojik Etmenler ile Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası üzerine Bulgular

Abstract

As one of the increasing problems of our age, autism spectrum disorder is an umbrella term used for heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders such as inadequacy in social development, repetitive motor movements, and retardation in language development. Autism has been argued to be associated with mutations that may occur in different chromosomal regions. Therefore, it has been suggested that genetic factors may play a role in the etiology of the disease. Immunological and immunogenetic changes are the other factors that have been suggested to contribute to the etiology of the disease. In the emergence of autism, besides the genetic factors, the potential effects of environmental factors on functional disorders should not be ignored. In this sense, it has been reported that the intestinal microbiome may be involved in the etiology and/or pathophysiology of autism, and it has been shown that impaired microbiome can cause autistic behaviors by affecting the immune system and central nervous system. In this work, current studies to comprehend the etiology of autism have been reviewed and the potentials of gene and microbiome-oriented therapeutic options in the treatment of autism have been discussed.