Current status and future prospects of nanoscale metal–organic frameworks in bioimaging

Abstract

The importance of early-stage diagnosis and in situ monitoring of lesion regions and transportation of bioactive molecules has a pivotal effect on the successful treatment, reducing side effects, and increasing...

Porous Framework Materials for Bioimaging and Cancer Therapy

“…As an emerging field, bioimaging is defined as the visualization of biological processes through various probes with modern advanced instrumentations. To date, supramolecular porous framework materials have been extensively investigated in various bioimaging, including fluorescence imaging (FL), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and multimodal imaging [ 28 , 30 , 32 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ]. Among them, fluorescence imaging has shown higher sensitivity, simpler operating functions, and faster imaging characteristics, and is gaining attention in tumor identification and real-time navigation surgery clinics [ 3 ].…”

“…In addition, early diagnosis of malignancies based on clinical aspects and in situ monitoring of lesion areas play a key role in reducing the side effects. This highly depends on the contrast agent and the decent use of bioimaging techniques [ 28 ]. Since the high spatiotemporal resolution of imaging technology, bioimaging has been proven to be an effective tool for the visualization of biological specimens [ 29 ].…”

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as apt luminescent probes for the detection of biochemical analytes

“…22 Recently, the biological uses of MOFs have drawn a lot of attention in recent years, particularly in the area of electrochemical biosensing. 15,23,24 MOFs possess open metal sites at their backbone that provide mimetic catalytic properties and amplify electrochemical signals that effectively improve the sensitivity of detection. 25 Recently, researchers have employed MOFs as biosensors for the detection of different components in cells such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), glutathione (GSH), 26 metal ions, 27–29 and cancer biomarkers (hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and ascorbic acid).…”

MnO2 Decorated Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Hydrogel Relieving Tumor Hypoxia for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy

“…[ 7 ] MOFs are crystal structures formed by the coordination of metal ions or clusters with organic ligands. [ 8 ] Notably, nanoscale metal‐organic frameworks (nMOFs) have found extensive applications in nanozyme construction, [ 9 ] bioimaging, [ 10 ] drug delivery, [ 11 ] and cancer therapy. [ 12 ] The surfaces of nMOFs can be modified with catalytic nanomaterials, such as Pt NPs, [ 13 ] MnO₂, [ 14 ] and Au NPs, [ 15 ] to achieve efficient cascaded PDT by modulating the tumor microenvironment.…”