Current Status and Future Prospects for Esophageal Cancer Treatment

Sohda, Makoto; Kuwano, Hiroyuki

doi:10.5761/atcs.ra.16-00162

Cited by 164 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Although multidisciplinary approaches, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have markedly improved patient outcomes, novel therapeutic strategies are required to treat patients with ESCC due to poor survival rates (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two major histological subtypes of EC: Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC), which is the most common type worldwide, including in China, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), which is the fastest increasing subtype of EC being diagnosed in Western countries (3,4). Currently, the standard treatment of EC is surgery combined with chemotherapy and/or radiation, depending on the stage at which the cancer is diagnosed (5). However, the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced forms of EC remains poor (5-30%) (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of cluster of differentiationï¿½47 expression and its potential as a therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell cancer

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2017

Oncol Lett

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Abstract. The increased expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)47 has been identified in a number of different tumor types and is recognized as an adverse prognostic factor that indicates an increased risk of mortality in patients. The binding of CD47 to signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) inhibits the macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells by triggering an inhibitory 'do not eat me' signal. This is one of the mechanisms used by tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. In the present study, CD47 levels and macrophage infiltration were assessed in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). CD47-overexpressing ESCC cell lines were selected and human M2 macrophage phagocytic activity was measured. The results revealed that CD47 is highly expressed and macrophages are markedly infiltrated in cancerous tissue compared with non-cancerous tissue. High CD47 expression was detected in ESCC cell lines and the results of a phagocytosis assay indicated that human M2 macrophages phagocytized tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner following the blocking of CD47-SIRPα signaling by anti-CD47 antibodies. The results of the present study therefore support the use of anti-CD47 immunotherapy to treat patients with ESCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cluster of differentiationï¿½47 expression and its potential as a therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell cancer

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2017

Oncol Lett

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“…For these patients, a chemoradiation therapy (CRT)-based multidisciplinary treatment may be the only approach to achieve cure instead of an esophagectomy (1,2,25). Surgical resection has constituted the primary treatment option in the treatment of esophageal cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is a dominant histological type of esophageal malignancies (1,2). Previously, there has been growing interest in investigating the host inflammatory response to tumors, and systemic inflammatory responses reflect the stimulation of angiogenesis, DNA damage and tumor invasion caused by the overproduction of cytokines (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a novel marker for nutrition, inflammation and chemotherapy outcome in patients with locally advanced and metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common types of cancer, and its progression is strongly influenced by the presence of inflammation. Recently, there has been growing interest in the host inflammatory response, and increasing evidence has indicated that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a useful marker of systemic inflammation, may be an effective prognostic indicator in various types of malignant diseases. In the present study, 260 patients with ESCC were enrolled, including 110 who received chemoradiation therapy (CRT) involving irradiation and chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, and 150 received chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (FP). The patients of each group were both divided into two groups according to their NLR: High NLR (NLR>3.0) and low NLR (NLR≤3.0). Serum levels of prealbumin and retinol binding protein, which are nutritional parameters, were both significantly inversely correlated with NLR in patients treated with CRT, and patients treated with FP. Levels of CRP, a marker of inflammation, were significantly correlated with NLR, and stimulation indices, markers of immune reactions, were inversely correlated with NLR in both of CRT patients and FP patients. In patients treated with CRT, a partial response was significantly higher in patients with a low NLR and with progressive disease compared to those with a high NLR. In patients treated with FP, a partial response was also significantly higher in patients with a low NLR and with progressive disease compared to those with a high NLR. The overall survival of patients with CRT and FP were both significantly worse in patients with a high NLR than in those with a low NLR. NLR may serve as a useful marker of the tumor response, immune suppression, malnutrition and prognosis upon CRT or FP in patients with locally advanced or metastatic ESCC.

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“…2 The primary treatment approach is surgery and low survival and high recurrence rates in local advanced stage tumors have shown that surgical treatment alone is inadequate. [3][4][5] The addition of radiotherapy (RT) and/ or chemotherapy (CT) to surgical treatment has resulted in a significant improvement in both recurrence and survival outcomes. [6][7][8] As a result, side effects due to treatment have become increasingly important due to the improvement in the survival of esophageal cancer patients treated with multimodal treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which One is The Better Radiotherapy Technique for Patients with Thoracic Esophageal Tumors, IMRT or VMAT?

Karaoguz¹

2017

UHOD

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Comparison of IMRT and VMAT techniques in thoracic esophageal tumors. IMRT and VMAT plans were created for a total of 10 thorax-located esophagus patients. All plans were compared in terms of HI and CI for PTV; V 5 , V 10 , V 20 and mean lung dose parameters for total lung; V 30 , V 40 and mean heart dose for the heart; and the Dmax for the medulla spinalis. IMRT and VMAT techniques yielded similar results with respect to HI and CI values (p> 0.05). Median mean lung dose was found to be lower in VMAT (11.77 Gy) technique compared to IMRT (12.05 Gy). While the lowest lung median V 5 (67.17%) and V 10 (41.95%) values belonged to IMRT, the V 20 value was achieved with VMAT (17.85%) planning. Median mean heart dose was found the lowest in VMAT (28.81 Gy) and the highest IMRT (29.31 Gy) planning. The lowest heart median V30 value was obtained with IMRT (43.00%) and median V 40 value was obtained with VMAT (18.95%) planning. The median mean medulla spinalis maximum dose was found to be lower with VMAT (41.54 Gy), with no statistically significant difference between them (p= 0.074). VMAT technique was better for reducing cardiovascular and medulla spinalis doses with reduced duration of treatment time and dosimetric uncertainties, while YART technique provides higher PTV control with less low-dose lung volume. Both threatment options have advantages and disadvantages over normal tissue and tumor volume compared to each other, and should be evaluated according to the other clinical conditions of the patient.

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Current Status and Future Prospects for Esophageal Cancer Treatment

Cited by 164 publications

References 88 publications

Characterization of cluster of differentiationï¿½47 expression and its potential as a therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell cancer

Characterization of cluster of differentiationï¿½47 expression and its potential as a therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell cancer

Increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a novel marker for nutrition, inflammation and chemotherapy outcome in patients with locally advanced and metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Which One is The Better Radiotherapy Technique for Patients with Thoracic Esophageal Tumors, IMRT or VMAT?

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