Current state and problems of alternative energy development in the world

Abstract

The article is devoted to the current state and analysis of factors affecting the use of alternative energy sources on a global scale. There is a constant growth in volumes energy consumption, which is associated with the stability of the global economy, increasing costs for heating and cooling in various parts of the world. At the same time in the most densely populated areas (China, India), coal accounts for up to 80 % of the energy balance, which leads to an increase in CO2 emissions. In this regard, the article notes the need to switch to the use of alternative energy sources (wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and biomass, nuclear energy). The article analysis the current state of energy sources in developed countries according to statistics for 2018. The authors concludes that the growth rate of renewable energy resources is insufficient, despite their advantage over traditional sources. In this regard, the factors affecting the efficiency of renewable energy sources were summarized. In addition, the article identifies barriers that prevent the acceleration of the rate of replacing traditional energy sources with RES. At the same time, state support measures and relevant legislative acts play a special role in stimulating and attracting the necessary investments.

Renewable and non‐renewable energy resources of Pakistan and their applicability under the current scenario in Pakistan

“…Pakistan has set a goal to add roughly 10 GW of renewable power by 2030 in addition to substituting 5 per cent diesel with biodiesel by 2015 and 10 per cent by 2025 (Leung et al ., 2010). According to the World Wind Energy Association initial statistics, the total productivity of all wind turbines mounted globally at the end of 2018 achieved 600 GW (gigawatts) (Baitanayeva et al ., 2020). Wind power in Pakistan, accounted for more than 6 per cent of the land's entire electricity generation (Khan, 2017).…”

Investigative scheme to assess ultimate penetration level of grid connected solar photovoltaic systems in distribution network

“…Substantial research and development contributions are directly being devoted to enhance the conversion efficiency of solar energy and simultaneously scale down the cost of PV panels. Globally, solar PV became the topmost source of energy in 2017 2 . Solar PV is playing progressively a critical role in electricity production.…”