Current State and Future Prospects for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Systems

Abstract

Electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems such as electrochemical capacitors, batteries and fuel cells are considered as the most important technologies proposing environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions to address rapidly growing global energy demands and environmental concerns. Their commercial applications individually or in combination of two or more devices are based on their distinguishing properties e.g., energy/power densities, cyclability and efficiencies. In this review article, we have discussed some of the major electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems and encapsulated their technological advancement in recent years. Fundamental working principles and material compositions of various components such as electrodes and electrolytes have also been discussed. Furthermore, future challenges and perspectives for the applications of these technologies are discussed.

Opportunities, Challenges and Prospects for Electrodeposition of Thin-Film Functional Layers in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology

“…The creation of hydrogen-fueled SOFC-based power plants that could be stable and suitable for long-term operation in the intermediate and low-temperature region will further the elimination of CO 2 emissions and carbon pollution of the atmosphere, and will also create an alternative to lithium-ion batteries-the massive use of which causes huge problems with their recycling and disposal [151][152][153]. A comparative analysis of the characteristics and technological principles of electrochemical devices for the conversion and storage of energy, including lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells, was carried out in a recent review work [154]. Various aspects of the transition to the renewable energy technologies with zero CO 2 emissions were analyzed by Peksen [155] who highlighted the current challenges and opportunities for the transition to new vehicles based on environmentally friendly hydrogen power plants.…”

Structural tuneability and electrochemical energy storage applications of resorcinol‐formaldehyde ‐based carbon aerogels

“…Over the years rechargeable battery systems such as nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH), lead acid (Pb-acid), nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd), lithium-ion (LIBs) and redox flow batteries (RFBs) have been used in commercial applications including energy management, transportation, portable electronic devices and power quality. 135 However, the inherent limitations of these electrical energy storage systems hinder their widespread commercialisations apart from LIBs, which is the result of huge improvements in LIB's chemistry due to the immense research drive providing the benefits such as high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities associated with LIBs when compared with other rechargeable battery systems as shown in Figure 12.…”

Electrodeposition of CoxNiVyOz Ternary Nanopetals on Bare and rGO-Coated Nickel Foam for High-Performance Supercapacitor Application

“…Production of electricity without greenhouse gas emission, mostly in the form of CO 2 , from abundant renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, tidal sea energy, and geothermal power is a challenging task because the supply does not correspond to demand [ 1 , 2 ]. Furthermore, effective storage of the electricity generated from energy sources in a stand-alone system requires a powerful battery or supercapacitor or another energy-storage device [ 3 , 4 ].…”