Current situation and need for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia in 6- to 64-year-olds in Japan

Ishiwada, Naruhiko

doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2020.09.016

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…These bacteria are transmitted and spread between persons and induce respiratory infection. Additionally, in elderly people (≥65 years old), these pathogens represent an important aspect of community-acquired pneumonia [20][21][22]. In contrast, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus are the main causative pathogens of hospital-acquired pneumonia, such as aspiration pneumonia [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Change in the Bacteria Cultured and Isolated in Respiratory Sputum from Elderly Patients during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Nagasawa,

Kato,

Tanaka

et al. 2023

Applied Microbiology

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected social patterns and consequently the prevalence of infections, such as seasonal influenza. It has been reported that invasive pneumococcal infection has markedly decreased worldwide. Method: We retrospectively investigated the bacteria cultured and isolated from 23,052 respiratory sputum samples obtained at our hospital from April 2015 to March 2022. The average patient age was 71.8 years old, with a standard deviation of 16.0 years old. There was no significant difference in the age of the patients or the female-to-male ratio between each year. The detection ratio of bacteria was analyzed in accordance with sputum quality based on the Geckler classification. Results: The detection ratio of community-acquired pneumonia pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae increased in parallel with the quality of the sputum, while that of hospital-acquired pneumonia pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus was not significantly affected by the quality of the sputum. The detection ratio of former pathogens in the good-quality respiratory sputum had decreased significantly since April 2020 by 60–80%, while that of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus had increased by 40–50%. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reduced the detection ratio of H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and S. pneumoniae but increased that of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in the good-quality respiratory sputum from elderly patients. The influence of this selective change in isolated bacteria on the health and comorbidity of elderly patients remains to be investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Change in the Bacteria Cultured and Isolated in Respiratory Sputum from Elderly Patients during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Nagasawa,

Kato,

Tanaka

et al. 2023

Applied Microbiology

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“…These bacteria are transmitted and spread between persons and induce respiratory infection. Additionally, in elderly people, these pathogens comprise an important part of community-acquired pneumonia [14][15][16]. In contrast, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus are the main causative pathogens of hospital-acquired pneumonia, such as aspiration pneumonia [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective change in the bacterial flora in respiratory sputum from elderly patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Nagasawa

Kato

2022

Preprint

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The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has affected the social lifestyle and consequently the prevalence of infections, such as seasonal influenza. It has been reported that invasive pneumococcal infection is markedly decreased worldwide. <Method> We retrospectively investigated the bacterial flora of 23,052 respiratory sputum samples obtained at our hospital from April 2015 to March 2022. The average patient age was 71.8 years old with a standard deviation of 16.0 years old. There was no significant difference in the age of the patients or the female-to-male ratio between each year. The detection ratio of bacteria was analyzed in accordance with sputum quality based on the Geckler classification. <Results> The detection ratio of community-acquired pneumonia pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae increased in parallel with the quality of the sputum, while that of hospital-acquired pneumonia pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus was not significantly affected by the quality of the sputum. The former detection ratio decreased significantly since April 2020 by 60–80% for two years in a row, while that of the latter did not change between each year. <Conclusions> The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 reduced the detection ratio of community-acquired pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae but not hospital-acquired pneumonia pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus in the respiratory sputum from elderly patients.

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“…across age groups (5,8,12). Non-PCV13 serotypes now account for more than 60% of all isolates in adult patients with IPD in Japan (5,8).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Immunogenicity of V114, a 15-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, Compared with 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Japanese Adults Aged ≥65 Years: Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Phase III Trial (PNEU-AGE)

et al. 2022

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The safety and immunogenicity of V114, a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), was assessed in a pivotal Phase III trial in healthy adults ≥50 years of age (NCT03950622, Japic-CTI 194845). We report a subgroup analysis of 245 Japanese participants (all ≥65 years of age). Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive a single dose of V114 or 13-valent PCV (PCV13). Immune responses were evaluated at baseline and 30 days post-vaccination. Non-serious and serious adverse events (AEs) were evaluated post-vaccination through 14 days and 6 months, respectively. Proportions of participants experiencing solicited and serious AEs were comparable for both vaccines; all solicited AEs were mild or moderate in severity. Serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titers at 30 days post-vaccination were comparable between groups for all 13 shared serotypes and higher with V114 for the unique serotypes 22F and 33F. Proportions of participants with a ≥4-fold rise in serotype-specific OPA responses from prevaccination to 30 days post-vaccination were higher with V114 than PCV13 for serotypes 3, 22F, and 33F. V114 was well tolerated and immunogenic in Japanese adults ≥65 years of age, with safety and immunogenicity profiles consistent with that seen in the overall study population.

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Current situation and need for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia in 6- to 64-year-olds in Japan

Cited by 9 publications

References 69 publications

Selective Change in the Bacteria Cultured and Isolated in Respiratory Sputum from Elderly Patients during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Selective Change in the Bacteria Cultured and Isolated in Respiratory Sputum from Elderly Patients during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Selective change in the bacterial flora in respiratory sputum from elderly patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Safety and Immunogenicity of V114, a 15-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, Compared with 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Japanese Adults Aged ≥65 Years: Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Phase III Trial (PNEU-AGE)

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