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This study revealed that the ABC phenomenon is induced by PEG-modified PLA-nanoparticles. We consider that NP-L33s may be useful clinically for the sustained-release and targeted delivery of PGE(1).

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) involves intestinal mucosal damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular, superoxide anion. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyzes dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, which is subsequently detoxified by catalase. Lecithinized SOD (PC-SOD) is a new modified form of SOD that has overcome previous clinical limitations of SOD. In this study, we examined the action of PC-SOD using an animal model of UC, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. DSS-induced colitis was ameliorated by daily intravenous administration of PC-SOD. Unmodified SOD produced a similar effect but only at more than 30 times the concentration of PC-SOD. In vivo electron spin resonance analysis confirmed that the increase in the colonic level of ROS associated with development of colitis was suppressed by PC-SOD administration. The dose-response profile of PC-SOD was bell-shaped, but simultaneous administration of catalase restored the ameliorative effect at high doses of PC-SOD. Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide was observed with the administration of high doses of PC-SOD, an effect that was suppressed by the simultaneous administration of catalase. We also found that either a weekly intravenous administration or daily oral administration of PC-SOD conferred protection. These results suggest that PC-SOD achieves its ameliorative effect against colitis through decreasing the colonic level of ROS and that its ineffectiveness at higher doses is because of the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, we consider that intermittent or oral administration of PC-SOD can be applied clinically to improve the quality of life of UC patients.

Transplantation of mature adipocyte-derived cells (dedifferentiated fat cells) led to marked functional recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI)-induced motor dysfunction in rats. When mature adipocytes were isolated from rat adipose tissue and grown in ceiling culture, transformation into fibroblast-like cells without lipid droplets occurred. These fibroblast-like cells, termed dedifferentiated fat cells (DFAT), could proliferate and could also differentiate back into adipocytes. DFAT expressed neural markers such as nestin, betaIII tubulin, and GFAP. Allografting of DFAT into SCI-induced rats led to significant recovery from hindlimb dysfunction. Grafted cells were detected at the injection site, and some of these cells expressed betaIII tubulin. DFAT expressed neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and GDNF prior to transplantation, and grafted cells were also positive for these factors. Therefore, these neurotrophic factors derived from grafted DFAT might have contributed to the promotion of functional recovery. These findings also suggest that mature adipocytes could become a new source for cell replacement therapy to treat central nervous system disorders.

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