Current progress on antioxidants incorporating the pyrazole core

Pyrazoles as Key Scaffolds for the Development of Fluorine-18-Labeled Radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

“…PET is based on the detection of tiny amounts (picomolar) of a biological substance labeled with a short-lived positron-emitting radionuclide (PET tracer) without disturbing the biological system and has the advantage of being a noninvasive, functional and highly sensitive technique which provides a great wealth of information [1]. The PET tracers are drugs or biomolecules labeled with radionuclides such as 11 C, 13 N, 15 O, 18 F, 64 Cu, 68 Ga, 89 Zr and 124 I. Since radionuclides can replace the stable analogues, the PET probes have the same chemical structure as the drugs and biomolecules without altering their biological activity.…”

“…If the biological process in the study gives results hours or days after the injection of PET probe, 64 Cu, 89 Zr or 124 I can be used, because these three radionuclides have a long half-life time (12.8 h, 78.4 h and 4.17 days, respectively). On the contrary, radionuclides as 11 C or 18 F are used for labeling small organic compounds for faster biological processes [1]. To avoid unnecessary radiation, it is important to choose a radionuclide a half-life that enable the reaction of the radionuclide with the carrier molecule and matches the timescale of the biological process in the study.…”

“…To avoid unnecessary radiation, it is important to choose a radionuclide a half-life that enable the reaction of the radionuclide with the carrier molecule and matches the timescale of the biological process in the study. 18 F is the ideal radionuclide for routine PET imaging, because it has a short half-life (109.8 min) but enough to allow all the process of synthesis, transport and imaging. Furthermore, it is a 97% positron-emitter, and the low positron energy of 18 F leads to a high resolution of PET imaging [1,2].…”

Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Carane and Pinane Based Sulfenimines and Sulfinimines

“…Active oxygen-induced and free radical-mediated oxidation of biological molecules are connected with different pathological disorders comprising arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer and age-related regressive changes. [1][2][3] The intensive search for novel antioxidants reacting easily with free radicals and thus protecting biomolecules from oxidative damage is going on. [2,3] It is known that essential oils, which include monoterpenoids, as well as individual monoterpenoids, have antioxidant properties.…”

“…[1][2][3] The intensive search for novel antioxidants reacting easily with free radicals and thus protecting biomolecules from oxidative damage is going on. [2,3] It is known that essential oils, which include monoterpenoids, as well as individual monoterpenoids, have antioxidant properties. [4,5] Earlier, we revealed that the sulfenimines with the neomenthane and isobornane structures were able to protect red blood cells in vitro from oxidative stress induced by the H 2 O 2 and AAPH, [6] and it was also found that sulfenimines with the nitro group in the para-position of the benzylidene substituent were more active.…”