Current Perspectives on Gastrointestinal Models to Assess Probiotic-Pathogen Interactions

Anjum, Mehreen; Laitila, Arja; Ouwehand, Arthur C.; Forssten, Sofia D.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.831455

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 217 publications

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“…There are different models available that mimic the human intestinal epithelium and are thus available for studying probiotic and pathogen interactions in the gastrointestinal tract. Standard 2D models are comprised of culture plates as well as Transwell inserts, and newer 3D models like organoids, enteroids, and organ-on-achip have been built to assess probiotic-pathogen interactions [86]. Chen et al found that the inhibition of H. pylori adhesion and the invasion of gastric epithelial cells and interleukin-8 production were significantly decreased by treatment with the Lactobacillus strains by using an in vitro cellbased model [87].…”

Section: Cell and Organoid Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, animal models provide the possibility to collect samples from different parts of the gastrointestinal tract that is not possible within clinical trials. Although mice and rats are most frequently used, Caenorhabditis elegans, honey bees, Ciona robusta, fruit flies, and greater wax moths also have been developed for assessing probiotic-pathogen interactions [86]. Chen et al indicated that colonization of H. pylori and induced stomach inflammation were alleviated by Lactobacillus strains [87].…”

Section: Cell and Organoid Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Challenge of Applications of Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Diseases

Wolfe

Xiang

et al. 2023

Advanced Gut & Microbiome Research

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Gastrointestinal disease is characterized by gastrointestinal dysfunction with dysbiosis of the microbiome. Probiotics may act as biological agents in treating gastrointestinal diseases through modifying gut microbiota. However, several challenges, including safety, stress resistance, postcolonization quantification, and evaluation models, may hinder the application of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases. This review introduces the emerging methods for delivering probiotics as well as available materials. Furthermore, we elucidated bacteriocins and their role in helping probiotics obtain a competitive advantage over other strains and challenges of large-scale application. Bacteriocins produced by probiotics also showed promising efficacy in gastrointestinal diseases including the capacity of immune stimulation, intestinal barrier protection, and cytotoxicity against intestinal tumorigenesis. For the quantification of probiotics in complex microbiomes and evaluation methods of probiotic encapsulated delivery systems, recent fluorescent labeling technology and various in vitro and in vivo models were also reviewed. Given the widespread use of probiotic agents in the microecological therapy of gastrointestinal diseases, further understanding of the multiple challenges of probiotic application and the updated methods to improve the colonization and evaluation system of probiotics is of great significance for probiotics as live biotherapeutics.

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Section: Cell and Organoid Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell and Organoid Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Applications of Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Diseases

Wolfe

Xiang

et al. 2023

Advanced Gut & Microbiome Research

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“… 6 Additionally, intestinal microorganisms play an important role in intestine functions. 7 – 12 These processes are essential for maintaining intestinal homoeostasis. 13 – 16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Additionally, intestinal microorganisms play an important role in intestine functions. [7][8][9][10][11][12] These processes are essential for maintaining intestinal homoeostasis. [13][14][15][16] Animal models, such as those of mice and pigs, are famous for studying intestinal diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-on-a-chip for disease models

et al. 2023

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The intestinal tract is a vital organ responsible for digestion and absorption in the human body and plays an essential role in pathogen invasion. Compared with other traditional models, gut-on-a-chip has many unique advantages, and thereby, it can be considered as a novel model for studying intestinal functions and diseases. Based on the chip design, we can replicate the in vivo microenvironment of the intestine and study the effects of individual variables on the experiment. In recent years, it has been used to study several diseases. To better mimic the intestinal microenvironment, the structure and function of gut-on-a-chip are constantly optimised and improved. Owing to the complexity of the disease mechanism, gut-on-a-chip can be used in conjunction with other organ chips. In this review, we summarise the human intestinal structure and function as well as the development and improvement of gut-on-a-chip. Finally, we present and discuss gut-on-a-chip applications in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), viral infections and phenylketonuria. Further improvement of the simulation and high throughput of gut-on-a-chip and realisation of personalised treatments are the problems that should be solved for gut-on-a-chip as a disease model.

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“…However, there is ongoing controversy on the use of probiotics in terms of the consistency of clinical efficacy 20 and the reproducibility of experimental outcomes in various surrogate models 21 . Notably, it has been challenging to experimentally investigate the beneficial effect of probiotic bacteria on the leaky gut, where limited models to validate their preventive and therapeutic functions have remained to be resolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live probiotic bacteria administered in a pathomimetic Leaky Gut Chip ameliorate impaired epithelial barrier and mucosal inflammation

Min

Than

Shin

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Here, we report a pathomimetic Leaky Gut Chip that recapitulates increased epithelial permeability and intestinal inflammation to assess probiotic intervention as live biotherapeutics. We leveraged a mechanodynamic human gut-on-a-chip (Gut Chip) that recreates three-dimensional epithelial layers in a controlled oxygen gradient and biomechanical cues, where the addition of a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, reproducibly induced impaired epithelial barrier followed by intestinal inflammation. This inflamed leaky epithelium was not recovered for up to 3 days, although the cytokine treatment ceased. However, when probiotic bacteria, either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG or a multi-species mixture (VSL#3), were respectively administered on the leaky epithelium, bacterial cells colonized mucosal surface and significantly improved barrier function, enhanced the localization of tight junction proteins such as ZO-1 and occludin, and elevated mucus production. In addition, inflammatory markers, including p65, pSTAT3, and MYD88, that were highly expressed in the germ-free control were significantly reduced when probiotic bacteria were co-cultured in a Leaky Gut Chip. Probiotic treatment also significantly reduced the production of secretory pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, our pathomimetic Leaky Gut Chip may offer a translational strategy to dissect the therapeutic mechanism of live biotherapeutic products and validate their clinical potential by incorporating patient-derived organoids.

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Current Perspectives on Gastrointestinal Models to Assess Probiotic-Pathogen Interactions

Cited by 14 publications

References 217 publications

The Challenge of Applications of Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Diseases

The Challenge of Applications of Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Diseases

Gut-on-a-chip for disease models

Live probiotic bacteria administered in a pathomimetic Leaky Gut Chip ameliorate impaired epithelial barrier and mucosal inflammation

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