Current perspectives on control of equine influenza

Daly, Janet M.; Newton, J. R.; Mumford, J. A.

doi:10.1051/vetres:2004023

Cited by 68 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…With regard to the efficacy of equine influenza vaccines, subclinical infection with virus shedding has been reported to occur in vaccinated horses. Such infection may contribute to the spread of the disease (Daly et al 2004). A high incidence of influenza virus was also verified in horses from Lagos and Ibadan, Nigeria, 1990, where 87% and 14% of these animals presented antibodies to the human influenza subtypes, H 3 N 2 and H 1 N1, respectively (Olaleye et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evidence of Human-Equine Interspecies Influenza Transmission

Mancini¹,

Cunha²,

Lara³

et al. 2006

VR&R

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evidence of Human-Equine Interspecies Influenza Transmission

Mancini¹,

Cunha²,

Lara³

et al. 2006

VR&R

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“…Likewise, antigenic similarity between circulating viruses and those used for preparation of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) is thought to contribute to their effectiveness (Belshe et al 2004). Inactivated vaccines for use in horses and swine are also thought to provide better protection when the antigenic characteristics of the virus antigens are similar to those of the field viruses (Daly et al 2004;de Jong et al 2001). In contrast, inactivated vaccines developed for use in poultry have shown excellent protection and reduced shedding when the HA sequences differed by up to 13 % (Abbas et al 2011;Swayne et al 1999Swayne et al , 2000aSwayne et al , 2001.…”

Section: Application Of Antigenic Analysis To Animal and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic Analyses of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses

Donis

2014

Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume I

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In response to the ongoing threat to animal and human health posed by HPAI endemic in poultry, Asia (H5N1) and North America (H7N3) have revived efforts to reduce pandemic risk by disease control at the source and improved pandemic vaccines. Discovery of conserved neutralization epitopes in the HA, which mediate broad protection within and across HA subtypes have changed the paradigm of "broadly reactive" or "universal" vaccine design. Development of such vaccines would benefit from comparative antigenic analysis of viruses with increasing divergence within (and between) HA subtypes. A review of recent work to define the antigenic properties of HPAI viruses revealed data generated through an array of experimental approaches. This information has supported diagnostics and vaccine development for animal and human health. Further harmonization of analytical methods is needed to determine the antigenic relationships among multiple lineages of rapidly evolving HPAI viruses.

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“…The first subtype (H7N7) is antigenically stable. Since 1979, no outbreaks have been reported [7,8]. While, the second subtype (H3N8) continues to circulate worldwide, and was responsible of all recent reported outbreaks [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleavage site and Ectodomain of HA2 sub-unit sequence of three equine influenza virus isolated in Morocco

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe equine influenza (EI) is an infectious and contagious disease of the upper respiratory tract of horses. Two outbreaks were notified in Morocco during 1997 and 2004 respectively in Nador and Essaouira. The aims of the present study concern the amino acids sequences comparison with reference strain A/equine/Miami/1963(H3N8) of the HA2 subunit including the cleavage site of three equine influenza viruses (H3N8) isolated in Morocco: A/equine/Nador/1/1997(H3N8), A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004 (H3N8) and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004 (H3N8).ResultsThe obtained results demonstrated that the substitutions were located at Ectodomain (ED) and transmembrane domain (TD), and they have only one arginine in cleavage site (HA1-PEKQI-R329-GI-HA2). In the Ectodomain, the mutation N/154 2 /T deleted the NGT glycosylation site at position 154 for both strains A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004(H3N8) and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004(H3N8). Except for mutation D/1602/Y of the A/equine/Nador/1/1997(H3N8) strain, the other mutations were involved in non conserved sites. While the transmembrane domain (TM) of the strain A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004(H3N8) exhibits a substitution at residue C/199 2 /F. For the A/equine/Nador/1/1997(H3N8) strain the HA2 shows a mutation at residue M/207 2 /L. Three Moroccan strains reveals a common substitution at the residue E/211 2 /Q located between transmembrane domain TM and the cytoplasmic domain (CD).ConclusionThe given nature virulence of three Moroccan strains, the identified and reported mutations certainly played a permissive role of infection viral process.

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Current perspectives on control of equine influenza

Abstract: -Influenza A viruses of the H3N8 subtype are a major cause of respiratory disease in horses.

Cited by 68 publications

References 53 publications

Evidence of Human-Equine Interspecies Influenza Transmission

Evidence of Human-Equine Interspecies Influenza Transmission

Antigenic Analyses of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses

Cleavage site and Ectodomain of HA2 sub-unit sequence of three equine influenza virus isolated in Morocco

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