Current perspectives on an emerging formal natural products sector in South Africa

Makunga, Nokwanda P.; Philander, Lisa E. Aston; Smith, M. J. H.

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.020

Cited by 80 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Herbal medicines include herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations and finished herbal products which contain as active ingredients parts of plants, or other plant materials, or combinations thereof. "Traditional medicine" is often used when referring to Africa, Latin America, South-East Asia, and/or the Western Pacific, whereas "complementary and alternative medicine" (CAM) is used when referring to Europe and/or North America (and Australia) (Wicke, 1995;WHO, 2002;Hanrahan, 2006;Makunga et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditional medicine coexists with modern medicine (van Wyk & Gericke, 2000) and caters for the health needs of diverse local populations , and is most prevalent in more rural areas where western medicines are inaccessible due to unavailability and/or their comparably high cost. The sustained high popularity of TM may also be due to it being closely interwoven with the cultural and spiritual ideology in South Africa (Hutchings et al, 1996;McGaw et al, 2005;Makunga et al, 2008); and more recently, the fact that South Africa has also mirrored the paradigm shift towards CAM in developed countries serving a diverse range of consumers (Makunga et al, 2008). Plants which have been previously reported to have potential beneficial effects against CVD include Allium sativum (garlic), (Dillon et al, 2003;Zahid Ashraf et al, 2005), Rauwolfia serpentina (Snake-root) (Gurib-Fakim, 2006), turmeric (Deters et al, 2003), Hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) leaves, flowers and berries (Walker et al, 2006) and Tulbaghia violacea Ramesar et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Raji

Mugabo

Obikeze

2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats I. A. RAJITulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) is a small bulbous herb which belongs to the family, Alliaceae, most commonly associated with onions and garlic. In South Africa (SA), this herb has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments, including fever, colds, asthma, paralysis, hypertension (HTN) and stomach problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methanol leaf extracts (MLE) of T. violacea on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in anaesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive rats; and to find out the mechanism(s) by which it acts.The MLE of T. violacea (5 -150 mg/kg), angiotensin I (ang I, 3.1 -100 µg/kg), captopril (10 mg/kg), angiotensin II (ang II, 3.1 -50 µg/kg), losartan (30 mg/kg), phenylephrine T. violacea (60 mg/kg) and captopril (10 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into iii some SHR for 21 days to investigate the chronic effect of these agents on plasma levels of aldosterone. The mean change, the mean of the individual percentage changes and the percentage difference (in mean) observed with each intervention was calculated and statistically analyzed using the Student's t test for significant difference (p < 0.05). The Microsoft Excel software was used for statistical analysis.T. violacea significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP;and HR dose-dependently. In a dose-dependent manner, ang I, ang II, phenylephrine significantly (p < 0.05) increased the BP, while propranolol, muscarine and atropine reduced the BP. The increases in BP due to dobutamine were not dose-dependent. In a dose dependent manner, phenylephrine and propranolol reduced the HR, while dobutamine increased the HR. The effect of ang I, ang II, muscarine and atropine on HR were not dose-dependent; with both increases as well as decreases observed with ang I, and II and atropine, while decreases were seen with muscarine. Captopril produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP which were not associated with any change in HR.The co-infusion of ang I with the MLE produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP, which were not associated with significant changes in HR. The co-infusion of ang II with the MLE did not produce any significant changes in BP or HR when compared to the infusion of the standard drug alone. The co-infusion of phenylephrine with the MLE did

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Raji

Mugabo

Obikeze

2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…This global increase in demand for ethnoherbals is also attributed to dissatisfaction with conventional medicine in terms of effectiveness and/or safety. Further, there is continued search for novel products from traditional medicinal plants (Makunga et al 2008) particularly for development of effective new drugs that are non-toxic and inexpensive (Taylor et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnobotanical and Antimicrobial Studies of Some Plants Used in Kibwezi (Kenya) for Management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Kariuki¹,

Njoroge²

2011

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Respiratory tract infections have gained worldwide recognition especially due to the increased incidence of HIV/AIDS. The bacteria responsible for these infections have also become increasingly resistant to chemotherapeutic agents in lower respiratory infections in Kibwezi in Kenya. Interviews were conducted using semi-structured questionnaires and detailed discussions with respondents. During the field surveys direct observations were made on how these plants are used. From the ethnobotanical survey the modes of preparation used included chewing and boiling. The plant parts used were mostly bark and root, which implies that the main methods of harvesting these plants are destructive in nature. Water and methanolic extracts of the three most popular plants, Acacia nilotica, Strychnos heninngsii and Microglossa densiflora were tested against three test organism: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli for their antimicrobial properties. The efficacy of the extracts was tested by bioassay method using the disk diffusion test. It was interesting to note that none of the tested water extracts showed any activity against the test organisms. This is despite the fact that about 83% of the local people used water for extraction. Methanolic extracts of Acacia nilotica and Strychnos heninningsii showed efficacy against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and E. coli. The findings of this research indicate that A. nilotica and S. heninngsii have antimicrobial properties and further work especially using mammalian models is recommended.

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“…Most participants indicated that harvesting is both for the generation of income and for personal use. The fact that participants indicated that most of the natural material obtained is for medicinal purposes suggests the importance of traditional medicine in these communities ( Figure 3d); it serves as the primary source of healthcare in the province (Dold & Cocks 2012;Makunga, Philander & Smith 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community harvesting of trees used as dens and for food by the tree hyrax <i>(Dendrohyrax arboreus)</i> in the Pirie forest, South Africa

Opperman

Cherry

Makunga

2018

Koedoe

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Forests in South Africa are harvested by local communities for multiple purposes and this affects the animals that inhabit them. The tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax arboreus) has a restricted distribution and utilises various tree species as dens and a source of food. In this article, we determined, through a series of interviews in the communities surrounding the Pirie forest, which plant species are harvested by local people and whether these overlap with those used by the tree hyrax. In addition, we determined the extent to which tree hyraxes are hunted by these communities. Of the trees used by the hyrax as dens in the Pirie forest, Afrocarpus falcatus, Schotia latifolia, Andrachne ovalis, Teclea natalensis and Apodytes dimidiata are important resources for local communities. But as these are harvested at relatively low levels, it is unlikely that current harvesting has a large impact on the tree hyrax. Opportunistic hunting occurs, but the hyrax is not targeted by hunters. Very limited commercial harvesting of A. falcatus has been taking place in the Pirie forest since 1975, but its impact on the hyrax population, although undetermined, is also unlikely to be high. We recommend that the Pirie forest tree hyrax population should be monitored by forest management in order to ascertain the impact of both commercial and community harvesting over the past quarter-century.Conservation implications: Tree hyrax populations in the Pirie forest should be actively monitored by management on an annual basis.

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Current perspectives on an emerging formal natural products sector in South Africa

Cited by 80 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Ethnobotanical and Antimicrobial Studies of Some Plants Used in Kibwezi (Kenya) for Management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Community harvesting of trees used as dens and for food by the tree hyrax <i>(Dendrohyrax arboreus)</i> in the Pirie forest, South Africa

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