Current outcome in schizophrenia: women vs men

Seeman, Mary V.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02732.x

Cited by 197 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Specifically, most clinical studies indicate that females with schizophrenia have a more favorable response to antipsychotic treatment and lower relapse rates (Seeman, 1986, Angermeyer et al, 1990Szymanski et al, 1995). The mechanisms responsible for these effects are not clear, but it has been suggested that higher serum drug levels in females receiving antipsychotics may contribute to these sex differences (Seeman, 1997).…”

Section: Potential Clinical Ramifications Of Olanzapine-and Clozapinementioning

confidence: 99%

Olanzapine and Clozapine Increase the GABAergic Neuroactive Steroid Allopregnanolone in Rodents

Marx

VanDoren

Duncan

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

131

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The neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone is a potent g-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptor modulator with anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects. Olanzapine and clozapine also have anxiolytic-like effects in behavioral models. We therefore postulated that olanzapine and clozapine would elevate allopregnanolone levels, but risperidone and haloperidol would have minimal effects. Male rats received intraperitoneal olanzapine (2.5-10.0 mg/kg), clozapine (5.0-20.0 mg/kg), risperidone (0.1-1.0 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.1-1.0 mg/ kg), or vehicle. Cerebral cortical allopregnanolone and peripheral progesterone and corticosterone levels were determined. Adrenalectomized animals were also examined. Both olanzapine and clozapine increased cerebral cortical allopregnanolone levels, but neither risperidone nor haloperidol had significant effects. Olanzapine and clozapine also increased serum progesterone and corticosterone levels. Adrenalectomy prevented olanzapine-and clozapine-induced elevations in allopregnanolone. Allopregnanolone induction may contribute to olanzapine and clozapine anxiolytic, antidepressant, and mood-stabilizing actions. Alterations in this neuroactive steroid may result in the modulation of GABAergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, potentially contributing to antipsychotic efficacy.

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Section: Potential Clinical Ramifications Of Olanzapine-and Clozapinementioning

confidence: 99%

Olanzapine and Clozapine Increase the GABAergic Neuroactive Steroid Allopregnanolone in Rodents

Marx

VanDoren

Duncan

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Young males are certainly over represented in most studies (Roy, 1982;Caldwell & Gottesman, 1990), although it should be noted that the increased relative risk in schizophrenia is substantially greater in females than males (Seeman, 1986). Young patients with schizophrenia have even been found to be at greater risk of suicide than young people with affective disorders (Waltzer, 1984).…”

Section: Demographic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide in schizophrenia – how can research influence training and clinical practice?

Raymont¹

2001

Psychiatr. bull.

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Suicide has consistently been the most common cause of premature death in schizophrenia. A large 5-year World Health Organization study consisting of the follow-up of 1056 patients exhibiting psychotic symptoms found the most common cause of death in those with schizophrenia was suicide (Sartorius et al, 1986). In their review of the subject Caldwell and Gottesman (1990) found that 9–13% of patients with schizophrenia eventually commit suicide. At least 20–40% make suicide attempts (Meltzer & Fatemi, 1995) and 1–2% go on to complete in their attempt within the next 12 months (Meltzer & Okayli 1995). Therefore, suicide in schizophrenia has long been a major area of concern and research efforts.

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“…In their own careful study, Angermeyer et al (1989) confirmed these impressions. Seeman (1986), who reviewed the early-1980s literature concerning gender differences in social outcome of schizophrenics, again encountered difficulties in comparing studies which had employed varying methodology and different diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. However, she concluded that overall 'schizophrenic women live better than schizophrenic men'.…”

Section: Presentation and Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%