The neurodevelopmental basis of sex differences in schizophrenia

Castle, David; Murray, Robin M.

doi:10.1017/s0033291700022194

Cited by 411 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(119 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

145

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Non-significant trends toward poorer performance in male patients with schizophrenia have been reported (Seidman et al 1997) suggesting that a diagnosis-specific sex effect, if present, is not robust and perhaps interacts with other moderator variables such as negative symptomatology or duration of illness. In light of the gender differences observed in other aspects of schizophrenia (Castle and Murray 1991;Seeman 1986;Seeman and Lang 1990), further investigation into gender effects on olfactory function seems warranted. Special attention has to be given to closely detailing menstrual cycle status, clinical subtypes, and hormone levels, as well as the documentation of differential olfactory impairment between men and women using physiologic neuroimaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia A Qualitative and Quantitative Review

Moberg

Agrin

Gur

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

288

183

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia A Qualitative and Quantitative Review

Moberg

Agrin

Gur

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

288

183

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such results are consistent with neuroimaging findings, in which alterations in brain morphology are more frequent in male than in female schizophrenics. It has been suggested that these findings are due to a greater vulnerability among men to neurodevelopmental types of schizophrenia [39][40] .…”

Section: Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobe in schizophrenics: a critical review of the methodology

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Schizophrenic patients undergoing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy show alterations in N-acetyl aspartate levels in several brain regions, indicating neuronal dysfunction. The present review focuses on the main proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in the frontal lobe of schizophrenics. A MEDLINE search, from 1991 to March 2004, was carried out using the key-words spectroscopy and schizophrenia and proton and frontal. In addition, articles cited in the reference list of the studies obtained through MEDLINE were included. As a result, 27 articles were selected. The results were inconsistent, 19 papers reporting changes in the N-acetyl aspartate levels, while 8 reported no change. Methodological analysis led to the conclusion that the discrepancy may be due the following factors: (i) number of participants; (ii) variation in the clinical and demographic characteristics of the groups; (iii) little standardization of the acquisition parameters of spectroscopy. Overall, studies that fulfill strict methodological criteria show N-acetyl aspartate decrease in the frontal lobe of male schizophrenics.

show abstract

“…However, a recent study (Talledo et al, 2009) found no direct relationship between PPI and estrogen levels in healthy women. Furthermore, within schizophrenia populations, a later age of illness onset, less severe forms of schizophrenia, superior response to antipsychotics, and better functional and social outcomes are reported for women than men with schizophrenia (Castle and Murray, 1991;Faraone et al, 1994;Castle et al, 1995), supposedly because of a neuroprotective role of estrogen in women (Häfner et al, 1998;Kulkarni, 2009). Female schizophrenia patients also show greater symptom severity during the periods of low estrogen (eg, postpartum) and lower symptom severity during the periods of high estrogen (eg, pregnancy, Riecher-Rössler et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a Role of Progesterone in Menstrual Cycle-Related Variability in Prepulse Inhibition in Healthy Young Women

Kumari

Konstantinou

Papadopoulos

et al. 2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is sensitive to sex, with healthy young women showing less PPI compared with age-matched men, and varies according to the menstrual cycle phase in women. Relatively less is known regarding sex and hormonal influences in prepulse facilitation (PPF). Menstrual phase-related variability in PPI is suggested to be mediated by fluctuating estrogen level, based on the observations of more PPI in women during the follicular, relative to the luteal, phase. No study has directly assessed the relationship between fluctuating hormones and PPI or PPF levels over the human ovarian cycle. To examine the roles of circulating ovarian hormones in PPI and PPF, 16 non-smoking regularly menstruating healthy women were tested during both the follicular and luteal phases on PPI and PPF and provided saliva samples for measurement of 17b-estradiol (estrogen), progesterone and testosterone. The results showed higher levels of 17b-estradiol and progesterone during the luteal, relative to the follicular, phase; and more PPI during the follicular phase and more PPF during the luteal phase with comparable startle amplitude and habituation during the two phases. A larger increase in progesterone was associated with a smaller decrease in PPI from the follicular to the luteal phase. No significant associations were found between changes in PPI/PPF and estrogen levels. The findings confirm lower PPI during the luteal, compared with the follicular, phase and suggest a role for progesterone, more specifically an antipsychotic-like PPI-restoration action of progesterone, during the luteal phase in PPI of young women.

show abstract

The neurodevelopmental basis of sex differences in schizophrenia

Cited by 411 publications

References 121 publications

Olfactory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia A Qualitative and Quantitative Review

Olfactory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia A Qualitative and Quantitative Review

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobe in schizophrenics: a critical review of the methodology

Evidence for a Role of Progesterone in Menstrual Cycle-Related Variability in Prepulse Inhibition in Healthy Young Women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About