Current municipal solid waste management in the cities of Astana and Almaty of Kazakhstan and evaluation of alternative management scenarios

Inglezakis, Vassilis J.; Μουστάκας, Κωνσταντίνος; Khamitova, Gulzhan; Tokmurzin, Diyar; Sarbassov, Yerbol; Rakhmatulina, Ramilyam; Серик, Б.; Abikak, Yerkezhan; Poulopoulos, Stavros G.

doi:10.1007/s10098-018-1502-x

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The collected HSW is delivered to the landfill site unsorted and then is forwarded to a primary mechanical and manual sorting plant, where 10% to 13% of initial HSW weight is recycled [13]. Recycled HSW fractions consist mainly of paper, plastic, and metal bottles [4,13]. After the primary recycling process, the HSW stream is then briquetted and transported to the sanitary landfill for disposal.…”

Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to a national report from the Ministry of Energy, 4.3 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) was produced in 2018, out of which 3.4 million was delivered to HSW sites [3]. The prevailing management system of HSW in Kazakhstan is unsorted disposal to landfill sites, mainly because of the abundance of ample open space and the relatively low cost of disposal compared to other options [4][5][6]. However, the environmental impacts are manifold, such as, for instance, the continuous methane emissions and groundwater contamination due to leachate discharge [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey on Household Solid Waste Sorting at Source in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Nur-Sultan City in Kazakhstan

et al. 2019

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The exponential population growth in urban areas makes existing solid waste management policies and strategies challenging. The situation becomes more strenuous in fast-growing cities where increasing waste production can hardly be met by the capacity of existing facilities. Practices like waste prevention, recycling, reuse, and recovery are fundamental elements needed for the reduction of solid waste disposed in landfills, especially in fast-growing cities where more sustainable management practices need to be adopted. This study investigated the behavioral attitudes of citizens of the capital of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan (former Astana), towards household solid waste disposal and separation at the source. The survey was conducted through stratified random sampling during April and July of 2018 with the participation of 3281 respondents. It is the first attempt, to our knowledge, of assessing recycling trends in Kazakhstan from the household perspective. The results showed that 24% of respondents were already sorting household solid waste despite the absence of a separation system at the source. The study further demonstrated that separation at source could be effective if the local authorities were to introduce sound public awareness campaigns and install recycling bins in close proximity to residential buildings.

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Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Household Solid Waste Sorting at Source in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Nur-Sultan City in Kazakhstan

et al. 2019

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“…This has led to a rapid economic growth of the new city and a sharp increase of population. Between 1998 and 2018, the gross regional product per capita raised from 2.4 to 17.2 thousand USD, while the population of the city increased from about 300 thousand to over 1 million (Inglezakis et al, 2018; Ministry of National Economy, 2018b). As reported by Kamran et al (2015), such economic tendencies typically lead to an increase of goods consumption and solid waste generation in general.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These companies are responsible for delivering MSW to sorting plants and landfill named ‘Ecopolygon Astana’ (Astana, 2017). The MSW disposal facility in Astana consists of a mechanical sorting plant and landfill cells (Inglezakis et al, 2018). The delivered MSW is first processed at a mechanical sorting plant for the removal of recyclable fraction, and then the remaining stream of solid waste is disposed at the landfill.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal characterisation of municipal solid waste from Astana city, Kazakhstan: Composition and thermal properties of combustible fraction

et al. 2019

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This study presents the results of a seasonal municipal solid waste composition campaign, that took place over the period of September 2017 to June 2018 in the capital city of Kazakhstan, Astana. Four sampling campaigns were conducted in order to identify the seasonal variation of municipal solid waste composition, recyclables and energy potential materials, such as combustible fraction, useful for the evaluation of waste-to-energy potential. The combustible fraction was analysed for thermal fuel properties, such as proximate and elemental analyses and gross calorific value. The results over the four different seasons showed that the average recyclable fraction of municipal solid waste on a wet basis of 33.3 wt.% and combustibles fraction was 8.3 wt.%. The largest fraction was the organics (47.2 wt.%), followed by plastic (15.4 wt.%) and paper (12.5 wt.%). Small seasonal variations were observed for organics, paper, plastic and glass fractions. The highest values were found in summer for the organic waste, in spring for paper and plastic and autumn for glass. The recyclables fraction showed an absolute seasonal variation of 5.7% with a peak in the winter season (35.4%) and the combustibles fraction showed a seasonal variation between 8.3 wt.% to 9.4 wt.%. Finally, the average calorific value of the combustible fraction was estimated to be 21.6 MJ kg-1 on a dry basis.

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“…Kazakhstan has more than 4000 landfills, only ten percent of which are legally authorized to operate [22]. In Kazakhstan, a large number of international and national contractors perform in the construction sector, bringing their unique practices, attitudes and behaviours regarding waste management; differing based on the size and country-specific experience of the contractor which directly affect the amount of waste generation and the quantities reduced, reused and recycled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Construction and Demolition Waste Management Model using PESTEL and 3R for Construction Companies Operating in Central Asia

et al. 2019

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The construction industry in Central Asia has shown rapid growth in the last decade due to an economic boom, leading to high construction & demolition waste (C&DW) generation accompanied by waste management operations falling behind worldwide best practices. The present study first employs a comprehensive environmental screening approach, PESTEL analysis, to identify and assess critical external and internal factors that can affect C&DW management in a leading Central Asian construction company (headquarters in Kazakhstan, the country with the largest economy in the region). Then, a case study is performed using 3R (reduce-reuse-recycle) principles and subjecting this company. Current international practices tailored to the given context are provided, existing company practices and applied improvements are discussed and prioritized improvements with implied sustainability benefits are proposed. The findings and recommendations are applicable especially to other construction companies operating in Central Asia that would ensure more sustainable C&DW management operations in the future.

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Current municipal solid waste management in the cities of Astana and Almaty of Kazakhstan and evaluation of alternative management scenarios

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Survey on Household Solid Waste Sorting at Source in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Nur-Sultan City in Kazakhstan

Survey on Household Solid Waste Sorting at Source in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Nur-Sultan City in Kazakhstan

Seasonal characterisation of municipal solid waste from Astana city, Kazakhstan: Composition and thermal properties of combustible fraction

A Comprehensive Construction and Demolition Waste Management Model using PESTEL and 3R for Construction Companies Operating in Central Asia

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