Current Management of Male Breast Cancer

Borgen, Patrick I.; Wong, George Y.; Vlamis, Vaia; Potter, Charles; Hoffmann, Brian; Kinne, David W.; Osborne, Michael P.; McKinnon, William

doi:10.1097/00000658-199205000-00007

Cited by 192 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Survival: 5 year disease-free survival has been reported to vary from 35 to 65 % [8,27,28]. In the present series, the 5 year disease-free survival was 46.43 %.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 44%

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Male Breast Cancer: A Clinicopathologic Study of 42 Patients in Eastern India

Shah

Bhattacharyya

Gupta

et al. 2012

Indian J Surg Oncol

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Retrospective review of presentation, treatment and outcome of male breast cancer in a tertiary cancer centre in eastern India. Data of 42 male breast cancer (MBC) patients, who presented between April, 2001 and March, 2008 were collected from institute records with respect to epidemiological characteristics, clinical and pathological parameters, treatment pattern and outcome. This series includes 42 patients with mean age of 56 years (range 31-78 years). MBC represented 1.1 % of all breast cancer. History of lump in the breast with duration ranging from 1 month to 4 years was the most common clinical presentation (80.95 %). Histopathology found infiltrating ductal carcinoma in 35 (83.33 %), followed by papillary carcinoma in 3 (7.14 %), undifferentiated carcinoma in 2 (4.76 %), mucinous carcinoma in 1 (2.38 %) and myxofibrosarcoma in 1 (2.38 %) patient. Hormone receptor (HR) study was performed on 29 patients. Twenty six (89.7 %) patients were hormone receptor positive in that 8 (27.6 %) were ER positive and 18 (62.1 %) were ER and PR positive. 3 (10.3 %) were hormone receptor negative.Axillary lymph node dissection was performed on 30 patients. Of those, 60 % were found to be positive (pN+) and 40 % were negative (pN-). Of the patients with invasive carcinoma 2.86 % were pathologic stage I, 37.14 % stage II, 42.86 % stage III and 17.14 % stage IV. Of the 35 treated patients, total 30 (85.71 %) patients underwent surgery. The surgery consisted of a modified radical mastectomy (MRM) 24 (80 %), radical mastectomy according to Halsted (RM) 6 (20 %). Adjuvant therapy i.e. Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy was administered to the patient based upon their stage. The standard treatment for all HR positive patients was administration of tamoxifen. Based upon the follow-up information (ranging from 17 month to 136 months), 4 (14.28 %) patients developed local recurrence over 4 to 26 months (mean17.5 months) and 5 patients developed distant metastasis over 24 to132 months (mean 78 months). Disease specific survival varied from 4 months to 132 months, with a mean of 56.75 months. Thirteen out of 28 evaluable patients (46.43 %) were disease free at 5 years. Male Breast cancer is a rare disease often ignored in the community, because of which it is seeks medical attention at advanced stage. Majority of MBC are found to be HR positive, hence hormonal therapy should to be strongly considered and multicentric prospective studies are needed to improve outcome.

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“…Survival: 5 year disease-free survival has been reported to vary from 35 to 65 % [8,27,28]. In the present series, the 5 year disease-free survival was 46.43 %.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…Other studies also report the incidence in the 80-90 % range [8][9][10]. Though, incidence as low as 13 % has also been reported [11]. A slight preponderance of left side over right side in a ratio of 1.07:1 has been reported [12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Male Breast Cancer: A Clinicopathologic Study of 42 Patients in Eastern India

Shah

Bhattacharyya

Gupta

et al. 2012

Indian J Surg Oncol

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“…Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most common subtype, comprising 70-90% of cases. 29 Estrogen receptors are positive in more than 85-90% of cases of male breast cancer, 30 and this is likely responsible for the good hormonal response. Progesterone receptors are positive in 92-96% of cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of prostate cancer in male breast cancer patients: a risk factor for prostate cancer screening

Lee

Jones

2008

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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Synchronous or metachronous occurrences of both prostate cancer and male breast cancer are rarely reported, but provide insight into their hormonal and genetic biology. We sought to determine the incidence of prostate cancer in male breast cancer patients at our institution, and to examine estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2/neu receptor (HR) status in these patients. A retrospective review was conducted of male breast cancer patients from 1990 to 2006. Histopathologic characteristics and hormone receptor expression was obtained. In 69 patients with male breast cancer, 12 (17%) also had a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Nine had ER-positive status and three were unreported. PR status was positive in 5, whereas 3 had PR-negative status. HR status was positive in 1, whereas 5 had HR-negative status. Male breast cancer patients in this cohort have an incidence of prostate cancer higher than would be predicted in the general population; this risk factor has implications for careful prostate cancer screening.

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“…Considering the lesion size, this approach was replaced by less invasive procedures such as modified radical mastectomy over time (77)(78)(79). Currently, modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymph dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is recommended if the tumor is not fixed to the pectoral muscle (80).…”

Section: Surgical Treatment Approach and Axillary Lymph Node Dissectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Breast Cancer

Yalaza¹,

2016

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IntroductionOver the past two decades, major improvements have been achieved in the understanding of breast cancer, and cure can be offered if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage. However, the disease is more often diagnosed at more advanced stages (3 or 4) in men, in contrast to women. Its rarity among men as well as lack of awareness leads to its detection at later stages. Randomized studies cannot be carried on due to the low incidence of breast cancer in males, with only a few published prospective therapeutic studies in the literature. While the information on male breast cancer (MBC) was obtained from retrospective studies, the recommendations for treatment were derived from studies conducted on female breast cancer (1). This review presents the frequency, etiology, clinical-pathological characteristics and treatment approaches for the rare MBC. Epidemiology-EtiologyMale breast cancer is rare and constitutes 0.5-1% of all patients with breast cancer. The reason of the low incidence rate in men is the relatively low amount of breast tissue along with the difference in their hormonal environment. Even though breast tissue is less in men as compared to women, the factors that influence malignant changes are similar. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) Program reported that the incidence of breast cancer was highest at ages 52-71 during 1973-2000, whereas the peak incidence in males was 71 years (2). In fact, some authors state that MBC imitate the behavioral pattern of post-menopausal female breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer in males and females has increased in the past 25 years. International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR) emphasized this increase and stated that the incidence of female breast cancer increased by 20%, while breast cancer-related deaths increased by 14%. The SEER data also showed that the rate that was 1.1 for 100.000 men in the mid-1970s and raised to 1.44 for 100.000 men by 2010 (3). In USA, 2240 men were diagnosed with breast cancer within the year 2013. The lifetime rate of diagnosis with male breast cancer is 1 in 1000. According to the IACR Turkey data, 0.37% of all cancer types among males are breast cancer (4, 5). IACR has published its new cancer estimates for the year 2012. The most recent cancer estimates for 28 cancer types in 184 countries, which record cancer data, have been made available for users on the GLOBOCAN 2012 website (6).The rate of presentation with advanced stage breast cancer has been decreasing in men. As a matter of fact, a study conducted in 1995 reported the rate of Stage 1-2 disease on diagnosis as 70%, whereas it was reported as 67% in 2010 and 82% in 2015 (7-9). MBC constitutes less than 1% of male cancers and it has a varying rate of incidence across different geographies and ethnic groups (10, 11). Its annual prevalence in Europe is 1 in 10.000 men and these cases constitute less than 1% of all patients with breast cancer (4). However, this rate is above 6% in Central African countries (12). This relatively hig...

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Current Management of Male Breast Cancer

Cited by 192 publications

References 32 publications

Male Breast Cancer: A Clinicopathologic Study of 42 Patients in Eastern India

Male Breast Cancer: A Clinicopathologic Study of 42 Patients in Eastern India

Incidence of prostate cancer in male breast cancer patients: a risk factor for prostate cancer screening

Male Breast Cancer

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