Current knowledge of sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) of northwestern Yemen and how it relates to leishmaniasis transmission

Sawaf, Bahira M. El; Kassem, Hala A.; Mogalli, Nabil M.; Hossary, Shabaan S. El; Ramadan, Nadia

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.06.005

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Population displacement during war has been described as a risk factor of increasing leishmaniasis cases in Iraq and Syria [13]. In Yemen, it is reported that the population movement from urban areas to villages, disrupted habitats of animal reservoirs and vectors due to current armed conflicts may be the most important risk factors for the increased transmission of the different forms of leishmaniasis [14]. In our setting, notification of VL cases is not demanding thus, the active foci cannot be followed and determined and the geographical distribution could not be mapped.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis Among Children in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen

Al-Selwi¹

2018

JHER

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This is a retrospective study to describe the geographical distribution of visceral leishmaniasis among children in Dhamar governorate, Yemen and to assess the outcomes of the chemotherapeutic management. It was conducted at Al -Wahdah University Hospital, Mabar, Dhamar governorate from April 2015 to March 2016. The study population were all the patients admitted to the hospital having the disease and the data sourced from the patients 'charts using a performa sheet. Fiftyseven pediatric patients with confirmed visceral leishmaniasis were registered during the study period. The mean age was 3.51±2.4 years and all cases were from Dhamar governorate. All cases presented with fever and splenomegaly. All children were severely anemic and the mean haemoglobin concentration was (6.51±2.82 g/dl). The mean duration of symptoms prior to admission was 98.28±10.6 days and the mean hospital stay was 22.07±15.3 days. The cure rate after hospital management was 94.7%. Death had occurred in 3 cases (5.2%) mostly seen among younger age, and with prolonged illness prior to hospitalization. This study confirmed the presence of VL cases in Dhamar governorate, most frequently affected children below four years of age with excellent response to chemotherapeutic drug. The extension of visceral leishmaniasis infection to involve the highest central regions indicates that the disease tend to spread to other unusual parts of the country. Such a new distribution combined with lack of vital recording and reporting make the efforts to approximate the figure of true incidence difficult.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis Among Children in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen

Al-Selwi¹

2018

JHER

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“…Phlebotomus spp. distributions have been estimated in several studies in the Mediterranean basin, and some of them emphasized the limiting effects of elevation as related to mean temperature (Belen and Alten 2011, El Sawaf et al 2016, Elnaiem et al 2003, Gálvez et al 2011, Sawalha et al 2003). Other studies correlated the distribution of sand flies to mean temperatures and relative humidity (Branco et al 2013, Gálvez et al 2010, Prudhomme et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature effects on the activity of vectors forLeishmania tropicaalong rocky habitat gradients in the Eastern Mediterranean

Waitz

Paz

Meir³

et al. 2018

Journal of Vector Ecology

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica, transmitted by Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus arabicus, has been detected in Israel. This research strives to identify the complexity of temperature effects on vectors of L. tropica and to analyze seasonality and distribution across altitudinal levels. Sand fly trappings were conducted monthly during 2015‐2016 in an endemic region for L. tropica in the eastern Galilee. Trappings were conducted in hyrax den sites across a broad topographic and climatic gradient. Using N‐mixture models, we investigated the activity levels of sand flies as related to temporary and periodic climatic variables. We tested generality of climate‐driven models using Root‐Mean‐Square Error (RMSE) values by comparing the 2015‐2016 data with trapping data from 2013. P. sergenti activity was found to be positively and exponentially correlated with early night temperatures and more strongly correlated with average early‐night temperatures for two weeks. P. arabicus exhibited a linear correlation with temperature. Climate‐driven models for both species yielded lower RMSE values for the 2013 data, which validate the generality of the models. Considerable differences were found in slope coefficients of temperature effect on sand fly activity among sites related to elevation levels, implying differential local responses of sand flies to temperature.

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“…The distribution area of Se. christophersi is wide: from Morocco to India, including Cameroon [69] and the Arabian Peninsula [20,42]. In Oman, we found Se.…”

Section: Grassomyia Dreyfussi (Parrot 1933)mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…dreyfussi extends from Morocco to Iran and goes down to Kenya. It has recently been recorded in the Arabian Peninsula [20]. Its record in Oman is not surprising in this context.…”

Section: Grassomyia Dreyfussi (Parrot 1933)mentioning

confidence: 80%

Leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sand flies in Oman Sultanate

et al. 2020

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There are few data on leishmaniases and sandflies in Oman Sultanate. We carried out an eco-epidemiological study in 1998 in the two main mountains of the country, the Sharqiyah and the Dhofar. This study allowed us to isolate and identify three Leishmania strains from patients exhibiting cutaneous leishmaniasis. The typing carried out by isoenzymatic study and by molecular biology were congruent: two strains of Leishmania donovani zymodeme (Z) MON-31 isolated in the Sharqiyah and one L. tropica ZROM102 (ZMON-39 variant for 4 isoenzymes) from the Dhofar. No strain was isolated from canids. The study of sandflies identified 14 species distributed in the genera Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia and Grassomyia: Ph. papatasi, Ph. bergeroti, Ph. duboscqi, Ph. alexandri, Ph. saevus, Ph. sergenti, Se. fallax, Se. baghdadis, Se. cincta, Se. christophersi, Se. clydei, Se. tiberiadis, Se. africana, and Gr. dreyfussi. In Sharqiyah, the only candidate for the transmission of L. donovani was Ph. alexandri, but the low densities observed of this species do not argue in favor of any role. In Dhofar, Ph. sergenti is the most important proven vector of L. tropica, but Ph. saevus, a locally much more abundant species, constitutes a good candidate for transmission.

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Current knowledge of sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) of northwestern Yemen and how it relates to leishmaniasis transmission

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Geographical Distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis Among Children in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen

Geographical Distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis Among Children in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen

Temperature effects on the activity of vectors forLeishmania tropicaalong rocky habitat gradients in the Eastern Mediterranean

Leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sand flies in Oman Sultanate

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