Current-induced spin polarization at a single heterojunction

Silov, A. Yu.; Blajnov, P. A.; Wolter, J.H.; Hey, R.; Ploog, K.; Аверкиев, Н. С.

doi:10.1063/1.1833565

Cited by 201 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This type of spin accumulation is due to the uneven occupation of k and −k states in the presence of a charge current, which produces a non-zero average effective field acting on the spin density of the conduction electrons, with the symmetry described in §2. Such phenomenon is also described as an inverse spin galvanic effect, which has been experimentally detected in strained bulk semiconductors [51,56] and heterogeneous quantum well structures [57,58]. The conduction electron spin-polarization mechanism turns out to be critical for the generation of SO torques in magnetic materials [15,16,59] and shall therefore be analysed in some detail.…”

Section: Current-induced Spin Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Gambardella

Miron

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

333

307

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The ability to reverse the magnetization of nanomagnets by current injection has attracted increased attention ever since the spin-transfer torque mechanism was predicted in 1996. In this paper, we review the basic theoretical and experimental arguments supporting a novel current-induced spin torque mechanism taking place in ferromagnetic (FM) materials. This effect, hereafter named spin-orbit (SO) torque, is produced by the flow of an electric current in a crystalline structure lacking inversion symmetry, which transfers orbital angular momentum from the lattice to the spin system owing to the combined action of SO and exchange coupling. SO torques are found to be prominent in both FM metal and semiconducting systems, allowing for great flexibility in adjusting their orientation and magnitude by proper material engineering. Further directions of research in this field are briefly outlined.

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Section: Current-induced Spin Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Gambardella

Miron

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

333

307

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“…The accumulation can be uniform 5,6 in the case of uniform Rashba spin-orbit coupling 7 or at the edges of a channel in either the Rashba model [8][9][10] or with spin-orbit coupling induced by lateral confinement. 11,12 Experiments have observed current induced spin polarization in n-type three-dimensional ͑3D͒ samples 13 and in two-dimensional ͑2D͒ hole systems 14,15 with spin polarization estimated to be up to 10%. 15 Further work suggests that a spin-polarized current can be produced in quantum wire junctions, 16,17 by a quantum point contact ͑QPC͒, 18,19 in a carbon nanotube, 20 in a ballistic ratchet, 21 in a torsional oscillator, 22 in vertical transport through a quantum well, 23 or in disordered mesoscopic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-polarized current generation from quantum dots without magnetic fields

Krich

Halperin

2008

Phys. Rev. B

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An unpolarized charge current passing through a chaotic quantum dot with spin-orbit coupling can produce a spin-polarized exit current without magnetic fields or ferromagnets. We use random matrix theory to estimate the typical spin polarization as a function of the number of channels in each lead in the limit of large spin-orbit coupling. We find rms spin polarizations up to 45% with one input channel and two output channels. Finite temperature and dephasing both suppress the effect, and we include dephasing effects using a variation of the third lead model. If there is only one channel in the output lead, no spin polarization can be produced, but we show that dephasing lifts this restriction.

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“…To understand this contribution, note that carriers at the interface develop a net spin accumulation due to a phenomenon known as the Rashba-Edelstein effect [24][25][26][27][28]. If this spin accumulation is misaligned with the magnetization at the interface, it exerts a torque on the magnetization via the exchange interaction [1,2,[7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin transport at interfaces with spin-orbit coupling: Phenomenology

2016

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This paper presents the boundary conditions needed for drift-diffusion models to treat interfaces with spin-orbit coupling. Using these boundary conditions for heavy metal/ferromagnet bilayers, solutions of the drift-diffusion equations agree with solutions of the spin-dependent Boltzmann equation and allow for a much simpler interpretation of the results. A key feature of these boundary conditions is their ability to capture the role that in-plane electric fields have on the generation of spin currents that flow perpendicularly to the interface. The generation of these spin currents is a direct consequence of the effect of interfacial spin-orbit coupling on interfacial scattering. In heavy metal/ferromagnet bilayers, these spin currents provide an important mechanism for the creation of damping-like and field-like torques; they also lead to possible reinterpretations of experiments in which interfacial contributions to spin torques are thought to be suppressed.

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Current-induced spin polarization at a single heterojunction

Cited by 201 publications

References 13 publications

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Spin-polarized current generation from quantum dots without magnetic fields

Spin transport at interfaces with spin-orbit coupling: Phenomenology

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