Spin transport at interfaces with spin-orbit coupling: Phenomenology

Amin, Vivek; Stiles, Mark D.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.94.104420

Cited by 226 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In conclusion, we theoretically and numerically investigate the switching current for SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization in ferromagnetic trilayers. We confirm that the spinz component of spin polarization, originating from either the anomalous Hall effect 27,28 or the interfacial spin-orbit coupling effect 23,[29][30][31] , enables the deterministic switching at a low current.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Spin-orbit Torque Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization in Ferromagnetic Trilayers

Lee

2020

Sci Rep

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In ferromagnetic trilayers, a spin-orbit-induced spin current can have a spin polarization of which direction is deviated from that for the spin Hall effect. Recently, magnetization switching in ferromagnetic trilayers has been proposed and confirmed by the experiments. In this work, we theoretically and numerically investigate the switching current required for perpendicular magnetization switching in ferromagnetic trilayers. We confirm that the tilted spin polarization enables field-free deterministic switching at a lower current than conventional spin-orbit torque or spin-transfer torque switching, offering a possibility for high-density and low-power spinorbit torque devices. Moreover, we provide analytical expressions of the switching current for an arbitrary spin polarization direction, which will be useful to design spin-orbit torque devices and to interpret spin-orbit torque switching experiments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Spin-orbit Torque Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization in Ferromagnetic Trilayers

Lee

2020

Sci Rep

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“…A difference is that for torques due to interfacial spin-orbit coupling, the field-like contribution is expected to be larger than the damping-like contribution. In semiclassical calculations [Haney et al, 2013a; Amin and Stiles, 2016a, 2016b], the interfacial spin-orbit interaction acting on the spins passing through, rather than existing in, the two-dimensional interface creates a spin polarization that couples to the magnetization through exchange interaction at the interface. Such calculations allow the torques due to the spin Hall effect and those related to the Edelstein effect to be treated simultaneously.…”

Section: Spin Transport At and Through Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface-induced phenomena in magnetism

et al. 2017

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This article reviews static and dynamic interfacial effects in magnetism, focusing on interfacially-driven magnetic effects and phenomena associated with spin-orbit coupling and intrinsic symmetry breaking at interfaces. It provides a historical background and literature survey, but focuses on recent progress, identifying the most exciting new scientific results and pointing to promising future research directions. It starts with an introduction and overview of how basic magnetic properties are affected by interfaces, then turns to a discussion of charge and spin transport through and near interfaces and how these can be used to control the properties of the magnetic layer. Important concepts include spin accumulation, spin currents, spin transfer torque, and spin pumping. An overview is provided to the current state of knowledge and existing review literature on interfacial effects such as exchange bias, exchange spring magnets, spin Hall effect, oxide heterostructures, and topological insulators. The article highlights recent discoveries of interface-induced magnetism and non-collinear spin textures, non-linear dynamics including spin torque transfer and magnetization reversal induced by interfaces, and interfacial effects in ultrafast magnetization processes.

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“…(29) is by noticing that the combination V µ ∂ µ is the ordinary hydrodynamical derivative entering the Boltzmann equation, By taking the Keldysh component of (29) and separating time and space components we get…”

Section: The Su(2) Approach For Intrinsic Socmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In semiconducting structures the reciprocal ISGE/EE is measured via optical detection of the current-induced spin polarization [20][21][22][23][24][25]. The ISGE/EE is also measured by analyzing the torques exercised, via exchange coupling, by the non-equilibrium polarization on the magnetization of an adjacent ferromagnetic system [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Recently this has been extended also to antiferromagnets [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of current-induced spin polarization in an electron gas

et al. 2017

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We derive the Bloch equations for the spin dynamics of a two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. For the latter we consider both the intrinsic mechanisms of structure inversion asymmetry (Rashba) and bulk inversion asymmetry (Dresselhaus), and the extrinsic ones arising from the scattering from impurities. The derivation is based on the SU(2) gauge-field formulation of the Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. Our main result is the identification of a spin-generation torque arising from Elliot-Yafet scattering, which opposes a similar term arising from Dyakonov-Perel relaxation. Such a torque, which to the best of our knowledge has gone unnoticed so far, is of basic nature, i. e. should be effective whenever Elliott-Yafet processes are present in a system with intrinsic spin-orbit coupling, irrespective of further specific details. The spin-generation torque contributes to the current-induced spin polarization (CISP), also known as inverse spin-galvanic or Edelstein effect. As a result, the behavior of the CISP turns out to be more complex than one would surmise from consideration of the internal Rashba-Dresselhaus fields alone. In particular, the symmetry of the current-induced spin polarization does not necessarily coincide with that of the internal Rashba-Dresselhaus field, and an out-of-plane component of the CISP is generally predicted, as observed in recent experiments. We also discuss the extension to the three-dimensional electron gas, which may be relevant for the interpretation of experiments in thin films.

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Spin transport at interfaces with spin-orbit coupling: Phenomenology

Cited by 226 publications

References 42 publications

Spin-orbit Torque Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization in Ferromagnetic Trilayers

Spin-orbit Torque Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization in Ferromagnetic Trilayers

Interface-induced phenomena in magnetism

Theory of current-induced spin polarization in an electron gas

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