Current EpidemiologicaL Situation on Tularemia in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia

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Objective of the study – assessment of epizootic and epidemic situation on tularemia in 2018 and forecasting the risk of infection in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2019. Analysis of epidemiological situation was carried out on the basis of the data from monitoring activities performed by the Rospotrebnadzor institutions and the data contained in the reports of the Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia and Far East, Plague Control Center, Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, as well as federal statistical survey forms No 5 “Information on preventive vaccination” and No 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases” over the period of January-December 2018 in eight Federal Districts including 85 constituent entities. Given are the retrospective data on tularemia epidemic situation in the territory of the Russian Federation over the past decade. 1944 human tularemia cases were registered in Russia between 2009 and 2018, 1005 out of which occurred during epidemic outbreak in 2013 in Khanty-Manssiysk Autonomous Region. High sporadic and small cluster incidence was mainly observed in the territories of the North-estern and Siberian Federal Districts over the recent years. In 2018, 71 cases of human infection with tularemia agent were reported. Epizootic manifestations of varying degree of intensity were detected in 52 entities of Russia. Against that background, sporadic cases of human infection were registered in 19 regions of the country. For three years epidemic complications expressed to the maximum were observed in the Omsk Region – 18 cases of tularemia infection, and Karelia – 14 cases, respectively. 15 Francisella tularensis cultures were isolated from ambient environment objects in Pskov, Leningrad Regions, Altai Territory, Republics of Altai and Tuva. Conclusions have been drawn in relation to the regions where epidemic complications associated with tularemia are most likely to emerge in 2019.

Section: Incidence Rates Among the Population And Epizootic Situationunclassified

Epidemic Activity of Natural Tularemia Foci in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2018 and Forecast of the Situation for 2019

Кудрявцева¹,

Попов²,

Мокриевич³

et al. 2019

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“…в 2020 г. выявлены случаи установления диагноза «коронавирусная инфекция» у больных с пневмонией, вызванной возбудителем туляремии. кроме того, практически все природные очаги представляют собой территории с различными ассоциациями возбудителей инфекционных болезней, и периодически регистрируется заражение людей одновременно двумя или даже несколькими патогенами, что осложняет диагностику [6][7][8].…”

unclassified

“…на территории 9 районов республики карелия длительное время существуют природные очаги пойменно-болотного, луго-полевого, лесного и смешанного типов, активизация которых и произошла в последние годы [6]. к настоящему времени эпизоотические проявления туляремии различной степени интенсивности выявлены на территориях 14 из 18 административных единиц республики.…”

unclassified

Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Tularemia in Russia in 2020, the Forecast for 2021

Кудрявцева

Попов

Мокриевич

et al. 2021

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The purpose of the review is to assess the trends in the development of epizootic activity in various territories of the Russian Federation in order to identify the regions of increased risk of infection of the population with tularemia pathogen in 2021 and to plan and carry out high-priority measures in these regions, such as vaccination, investments in water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, epizootiological monitoring of natural foci and other measures aimed at suppressing the activity of natural foci and the development of herd immunity to this infection. In 2020, 41 cases of human infection with tularemia pathogen were registered on the territory of the Russian Federation, 60 % of which occurred in the Northwestern Federal District. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying intensity were detected in 55 constituent entities of Russia. Against this background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were registered in 14 regions of the country. The most pronounced epidemic complications continue in the territory of Karelia – 23 patients. 12 cultures of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica from the ambient environment were isolated in the Vologda (3), Rostov Regions (6), in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (2), and in St. Petersburg (1). Based on the analysis of the data presented, in 2021, epidemic complications in the form of sporadic cases of the disease among the unvaccinated population in the following territories are most likely to occur: Central Federal District – in the Oryol, Ryazan and Yaroslavl Regions, as well as in Moscow; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk and Leningrad Regions, the Republic of Karelia and in St. Petersburg; Volga Federal District – in Tatarstan, Mordovia, Chuvash Republic, Kirov and Orenburg Regions; Ural Federal District – in the Khanty-Mansiysk, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts and the Tyumen Region; Siberian Federal District – in the Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk and Omsk Regions, as well as in the Altai Territory; Far Eastern Federal District – in some regions of Kamchatka and Khabarovsk Territories.

“…еще большее разнообразие клинических сим-птомов добавляют установленные в последнее вре-мя случаи заражения людей одновременно (или не-одновременно) туляремией и возбудителями других природно-очаговых инфекций: в котласском районе архангельской области зарегистрированы два микст-инфицированных больных туляремией и лептоспи-розом [2], а в челябинской области -туляремией и псевдотуберкулезом [3]. своевременность и адекватность назначения антибиотиков при подозрении на туляремию име-ет большое значение.…”

unclassified

Epidemiological and Epizootiological Analysis of the Situation on Tularemia in the Russian Federation in 2016 and Forecast for 2017

Кудрявцева¹,

Попов²,

Мокриевич³

et al. 2017

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на территории россии в последние десятилетия туляремия проявляется спорадической заболеваемо-стью (от 50 до 150 случаев в год) и эпидемическими вспышками. динамика заболеваемости туляремией за [2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014][2015][2016] на территории российской Федерации в 2016 г. зарегистрировано 123 случая инфицирования че-ловека Francisella tularensis, 90 % из них приходится на три федеральных округа: северо-западный, сибирский и центральный. эпизоотические проявления инфекции различной степени интенсивности выявлены в 56 регионах. значительное число больных туляремией наблюдалось в республике карелия, ненецком автономном округе, омской и рязанской областях, санкт-петербурге. обращают на себя внимание некоторые современные особенности проявления туляремии: неспецифичность клинических симптомов, особенно на ранних стадиях заболевания, их разнообразие возрастает при наблюдающих-ся в последнее время случаях микст-инфицирования возбудителями туляремии и других природно-очаговых инфекций. наиболее выраженными симптомами болезни являются лихорадка и лимфаденит; диагноз «туляремия» устанавливается в первые дни обращения за медицинской помощью у 40-45 % за-болевших. на основании анализа данных о заболеваемости людей, эпизоотологическом состоянии при-родных очагов туляремии, числе выделенных культур возбудителя, численности основных носителей и переносчиков, а также с учетом объемов вакцинопрофилактики в регионах определены территории, на которых наиболее вероятны эпидемические осложнения в 2017 г.Ключевые слова: туляремия, Francisella tularensis, природные очаги, эпидемическая ситуация, эпи-зоотическая ситуация. 123 cases of human infection with Francisella tularensis were registered in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2016. 90 % of the total number was reported by three Federal Districts: North-Western, Siberian, and Central ones. Epizootic manifestations of varying intensity were detected in 56 regions. A considerable number of tularemia cases were observed in the Republic of Karelia, Nenets Autonomous District, Omsk and Ryazan Regions, and in Saint-Petersburg. Conspicuous are some recent peculiarities of tularemia manifestations: non-specificity of clinical symptoms, especially at early stages of the disease, their increasing variability against the background of mixed infections with tularemia and other natural-focal infections agents. The most expressed symptoms are fever and lymphatic adenitis; the patients are diagnosed with tularemia during initial days of the sought treatment in 40-45 % of the cases. Based on the data on morbidity rates in humans, epizootiological condition of natural tularemia foci, the numbers of isolated cultures and incidence of the vectors and carriers of the agent, as well as taking into consideration the scope of preventive vaccination in the regions, identified were the territories in which epidemic complication are most likely to occur in 2017.