Current Concepts in the Management of Herpes Simplex Anterior Segment Eye Disease

Reddy, Jagadesh C; Rapuano, Christopher J.

doi:10.1007/s40135-013-0024-2

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Genetically diverse groups of viruses having DNA or RNA as their genome can infect eyes and cause different ocular diseases. Viruses may enter the eye by direct contact or via haematogenous or neuronal spread (1), leading to viral infections like blepharitis (2), conjunctivitis (3), keratitis (4), uveitis (5), cataract (6), and retinitis (7). Common ocular viral pathogens include Herpes viruses, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), herpes zoster virus (HZV)/varicella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, and vaccinia, which cause epithelial or stromal keratitis, conjunctivitis, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraocular Viral Communities Associated With Post-fever Retinitis

et al. 2021

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The virome of ocular fluids is naive. The results of this study highlight the virome in the vitreous fluid of the eye of individuals without any ocular infection and compare it with the virome of the vitreous fluid of individuals with retinitis. A total of 1,016,037 viral reads were generated from 25 vitreous fluid samples comprising control and post-fever retinitis (PFR) samples. The top 10 viral families in the vitreous fluids comprised of Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Herpesviridae, Poxviridae, Iridoviridae, Podoviridae, Retroviridae, Baculoviridae, and Flaviviridae. Principal coordinate analysis and heat map analysis clearly discriminated the virome of the vitreous fluid of the controls from that of the PFR virome. The abundance of 10 viral genera increased significantly in the vitreous fluid virome of the post-fever retinitis group compared with the control group. Genus Lymphocryptovirus, comprising the human pathogen Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is also implicated in ocular infections was significantly abundant in eight out of the nine vitreous fluid viromes of post-fever retinitis group samples compared with the control viromes. Human viruses, such as Hepacivirus, Circovirus, and Kobuvirus, were also significantly increased in abundance in the vitreous fluid viromes of post-fever retinitis group samples compared with the control viromes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional analysis and the network analysis depicted an increase in the immune response by the host in the post-fever retinitis group compared with the control group. All together, the results of the study indicate changes in the virome in the vitreous fluid of patients with the post-fever retinitis group compared to the control group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraocular Viral Communities Associated With Post-fever Retinitis

et al. 2021

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“…Такие же результаты получены у детей, принимавших в течение года профилактические дозы валацикловира в таблетированной форме [38]. Эффективной профилактикой рецидивов СГК без изъязвления является комбинирование длительной противовирусной терапии (например, ацикловира -400 мг 2 раза в сутки, валацикловира -500 мг 1-2 раза в сутки или фамцикловира -250 мг 1-2 раза в сутки) с инстилляциями стероидного препарата в конъюнктивальную полость при постепенном снижении его кратности [39].…”

Section: резюмеunclassified

“…Лишь в отдельных исследованиях при глубоком стромальном кератите (ГСК) с изъязвлением рекомендуются инстилляции КС в разумных дозах с постепенным сокращением их частоты и обязательно в комбинации с противовирусными средствами рer os и местно -инстилляциями растворов антибиотиков [39].…”

Section: резюмеunclassified

“…При ГСК без изъязвления роговицы и кератоувеите, в патогенезе которых предполагается развитие аутоиммунного процесса, рекомендуется раннее применение КС: 0,1 % раствора дексаметазона, максидекса, офтандексаметазона, 0,1 % или 0,01 % раствора бетаметазона под «прикрытием» противовирусных средств. Это приводит к более быстрому разрешению отека с более редким формированием стромальных рубцов и, соответственно, значительному сокращению сроков заболевания и сохранению зрения [39]. Однако следует всегда помнить, что применение КС при ГК может стать причиной затяжного течения и тяжелых осложнений: изъязвления, некроза, трансформации поверхностных форм в глубокие, перфорации роговицы, присоединения вторичной бактериальной и грибковой инфекции.…”

Section: резюмеunclassified

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Мodern Approaches to the Treatment and Prevention of Recurrent of Ophthalmic Herpes. Review

Зайнутдинова

2019

Oftalʹmologiâ

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The review focuses on modern treatment aspects and prevention of ophthalmic herpes.The generalized experience of the clinical nucleoside administration, the basic antiviral drugs in the treatment of this pathology, is presented in detail. Information about indications, side effects and various schemes for their systemic and local application is provided. Questions on the duration of nucleoside administration in various clinical forms of eye herpes are considered. A meta-analysis of the comparative therapeutic nucleoside efficacy based on the results of more than 100 placebo-controlled randomized trials is presented. Special attention is paid to the rare but severe eye pathology, the acute retinal necrosis. Also data on the indications and contraindications of corticosteroids and on the current view of immunotherapy of ophthalmic herpes is presented. The question of the modern approach to the disease prevention recurrences is considered in detail, particularly, the results of the nucleoside administration have a high level of evidence, and, herpetic vaccines in the rehabilitation of patients with herpes infection are not widely used due to the lack of reliable methods for evaluating the efficacy. The information on the search for new effective drugs that have a targeted effect on certain patient cell receptors that can inhibit the penetration and spread of the herpes virus that can cause a controlled immune response is provided. Expanding the arsenal of effective and safe antiviral therapy will definitely optimize the treatment of ophthalmic herpes and prevent the occurrence of its recurrence and severe outcomes.

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“…84 Pyrazinamide Disrupts the membrane energetics in M. tuberculosis 89. AntiviralNucleoside analogues AciclovirTerminate the growing viral DNA chain, inactivate viral DNA polymerase and disrupt the viral replication 64. Antifungal Polyenes, azoles Amphotericin B, fluconazole Inhibit fungal growth by blocking ergosterol (maintains the cell membrane integrity) synthesis 90.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance of ocular microbes and the role of antimicrobial peptides

Tummanapalli

Willcox

2021

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Isolation of antimicrobial-resistant microbes from ocular infections may be becoming more frequent. Infections caused by these microbes can be difficult to treat and lead to poor outcomes. However, new therapies are being developed which may help improve clinical outcomes. This review examines recent reports on the isolation of antibiotic-resistant microbes from ocular infections. In addition, an overview of the development of some new antibiotic therapies is given. The recent literature regarding antibiotic use and resistance, isolation of antibiotic-resistant microbes from ocular infections and the development of potential new antibiotics that can be used to treat these infections was reviewed. Ocular microbial infections are a global public health issue as they can result in vision loss which compromises quality of life. Approximately 70 per cent of ocular infections are caused by bacteria including Chlamydia trachomatis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. Resistance to first-line antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones and azoles has increased, with resistance of S. aureus isolates from the USA to fluoroquinolones reaching 32 per cent of isolates and 35 per cent being methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Lower levels of MRSA (seven per cent) were isolated by an Australian study. Antimicrobial peptides, which are broad-spectrum alternatives to antibiotics, have been tested as possible new drugs. Several have shown promise in animal models of keratitis, especially treating P. aeruginosa, S. aureus or C. albicans infections. Reports of increasing resistance of ocular isolates to mainstay antibiotics are a concern, and there is evidence that for ocular surface disease this resistance translates into worse clinical outcomes. New antibiotics are being developed, but not by large pharmaceutical companies and mostly in university research laboratories and smaller biotech companies. Antimicrobial peptides show promise in treating keratitis.

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Current Concepts in the Management of Herpes Simplex Anterior Segment Eye Disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

Intraocular Viral Communities Associated With Post-fever Retinitis

Intraocular Viral Communities Associated With Post-fever Retinitis

Мodern Approaches to the Treatment and Prevention of Recurrent of Ophthalmic Herpes. Review

Antimicrobial resistance of ocular microbes and the role of antimicrobial peptides

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