Current Collectors for Flexible Lithium Ion Batteries: A Review of Materials

Abstract

With increasing interest in flexible electronic devices and wearable appliances, flexible lithium ion batteries are the most attractive candidates for flexible energy sources. During the last decade, many different kinds of flexible batteries have been reported. Although research of flexible lithium ion batteries is in its earlier stages, we have found that developing components that satisfy performance conditions under external deformation stress is a critical key to the success of flexible energy sources. Among the major components of the lithium ion battery, electrodes, which are connected to the current collectors, are gaining the most attention owing to their rigid and brittle character. In this mini review, we discuss candidate materials for current collectors and the previous strategies implemented for flexible electrode fabrication.

Review of Local In Situ Probing Techniques for the Interfaces of Lithium‐Ion and Lithium–Oxygen Batteries

“…[4,5] Fort his purpose, novel materials have been developed for negative and positive electrodes, [6][7][8][9] electrolytes, [10,11] separators, [12] binders, [13] and current collectors. [14] Thei ntroductiono fn ew materials will affect the reactivitieso fi nterfaces which may require the optimization of severalc ell components in an iterative process. Electrodes in lithium-ion and post-lithium-ion batteries are made of composite materials exposing av ariety of different surfaces towards the electrolyte.T his causes ad istribution of current densities and consequently locally different changes of interfaces and bulk materials that might be criticalf or the performance and durability of secondary batteries.T he optimization of local structures of battery materials is hindered by al ack of local techniques that provide in situ reactivityi nformationfrom such hiddeninterfaces.Avariety of new elec-trochemical scanningp robe techniques are currently adapted to the investigation of battery materials under near-realistic environmental conditions.T he review provides ac riticala ssessment of this development with ap articular emphasis on the assessment of the passivatingp roperties of solid-electrolyte interphases,t he extension of the concepts to lithiumoxygenc ells,a nd attempts to image ion intercalationr eactions.…”

High Electrochemical Performance Silicon Thin-Film Free-Standing Electrodes Based on Buckypaper for Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Therefore, LIBs have been widely used in many fields, such as portable electronics and electric vehicles, since their successful commercialization in the 1990s [ 2 ]. Furthermore, advanced LIBs have been used recently in the development of flexible LIBs [ 3 ]. The global market for flexible batteries was valued at USD 69.5 million in 2015 and is expected to reach USD 958.4 million by 2022 [ 4 ].…”

“…Developing components that satisfy performance conditions under external deformation stress is critical to the success of flexible energy sources. In addition to overcoming difficulties associated with flexibility, state-of-the-art flexible LIBs must address the challenging issues encountered by conventional LIBs, such as obtaining a high energy density, an improved rate capability, and new materials development [ 3 ]. When applying a new current collector, it should be in the form of a freestanding electrode, which can be obtained by either using electrically conducting materials that can form a film by itself or using a nonconducting flexible substrate on which an electrically conducting layer is coated.…”

Carbon cloth‐MnO2 nanotube composite for flexible supercapacitor

“…For supercapacitor electrode fabrication, different type of metallic and non‐metallic substrates, have been used 13,14 . Among non‐metallic substrates, carbon clothes (CC), by virtue of its high surface area (courtesy to its woven structure), mechanical strength& flexibility has gained so much popularity 15‐18 .…”