Current approaches, emerging developments and functional prospects for lignin-based catalysts – a review

Mennani, Mehdi; Kasbaji, Meriem; Benhamou, Anass Ait; Boussetta, Abdelghani; Mekkaoui, Ayoub Abdelkader; Grimi, Nabil; Moubarik, Amine

doi:10.1039/d3gc00072a

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 248 publications

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“…One of the key requirements in green chemistry has always been the ability to recover and reuse catalysts . Therefore, in this work, the g-C 3 N 4 –SO 3 H catalyst was recovered and reused.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the key requirements in green chemistry has always been the ability to recover and reuse catalysts. 34 Therefore, in this work, the g-C 3 N 4 −SO 3 H catalyst was recovered and reused. After recovery, the catalyst was evaluated through the yield of HMF formation, and the FT-IR spectrum was used to compare characteristic signals of the recovery to the initial catalysts.…”

Section: Characterization Of Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient Conversion of Carbohydrates into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride Bearing Brönsted Acid Sites

Le,

Nguyen,

Le Nguyen

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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The current focus in biomass conversion research is to achieve high yields and selectivity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a platform chemical from renewable sources, emphasizing the need for a sustainable and efficient heterogeneous acid catalyst. The goal is to develop a low-cost, energy-efficient approach that aligns with sustainability principles. In this work, graphitic carbon nitride bearing Bronsted acid sites (g-C 3 N 4 − SO 3 H) was synthesized and applied as a catalyst for converting carbohydrates into HMF in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent. The catalyst structure was determined using modern spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (HRXPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer− Emmett−Teller (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) evaluated the stability of the catalyst. In order to optimize the reaction efficiency, several factors were examined, such as the temperature, solvents, catalyst mass, and reaction time. These parameters were carefully studied and adjusted in order to optimize the reaction conditions. As a result, the reaction yield was highest at about 60% HMF after 3 h at 120 °C with g-C 3 N 4 −SO 3 H (30 mg) using fructose as the substrate. The combination of AlCl 3 and g-C 3 N 4 −SO 3 H gave an excellent yield, which accounted for 58% of HMF from glucose at 3 h at 120 °C. Additionally, the catalyst employed in our study can be easily recovered and reused for subsequent reactions. Our research presents a straightforward and efficient procedure for synthesizing the catalyst, enabling the conversion of glucose or fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with a high yield within a short reaction time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Conversion of Carbohydrates into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride Bearing Brönsted Acid Sites

Le,

Nguyen,

Le Nguyen

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…95 Lignin predominantly comprises three aromatic units-syringyl (S), guaiacyl (G), and p -hydroxyphenyl (H) units. 102 When the reaction temperature exceeded 140 °C, the S/G ratio decreased, indicating the concurrent degradation reactions of the S and G units. 27 Additionally, signals from p -coumarate ( p -CA) and ferulic acid can be observed in the aromatic region, representing the ether and ester bonds that link lignin to hemicellulose and cellulose, forming the LCC.…”

Section: Characterization Of Lignin Extracted By Adessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dawn of aqueous deep eutectic solvents for lignin extraction

Hu,

Yu,

et al. 2023

Green Chem.

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“…Biomass is an exceptionally promising feedstock for the catalytic graphitization process due to its unique advantages. [12][13][14] Biomass is a renewable resource derived from various organic materials, including plant components such as lignin and cellulose. [15][16][17] This renewable character contrasts sharply with traditional carbon precursors such as coal, methane, and liqueed petroleum gas, which are nite and non-renewable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the evolution in catalytic graphitization of biomass-based materials for enduring energetic applications

Mennani,

Ait Benhamou,

Mekkaoui

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Current approaches, emerging developments and functional prospects for lignin-based catalysts – a review

Abstract: Biopolymers functionalization is perceived as an innovative approach to revolutionizing bio-catalyzed chemical transformations. Lignin, the chief natural source of polyphenols, has an aromatic structure with plenty of beneficial chemical groups....

Cited by 33 publications

References 248 publications

Efficient Conversion of Carbohydrates into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride Bearing Brönsted Acid Sites

Efficient Conversion of Carbohydrates into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride Bearing Brönsted Acid Sites

The dawn of aqueous deep eutectic solvents for lignin extraction

Probing the evolution in catalytic graphitization of biomass-based materials for enduring energetic applications

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