Current and novel modalities for management of chronic hepatitis B infection

Salama, Iman Ibrahim; Sami, Samia M.; Salama, Somaia I; Abdel‐Latif, Ghada A.; Shaaban, Fatma A.; Fouad, Walaa A.; Abdelmohsen, Aida; Raslan, Hala M.

doi:10.4254/wjh.v15.i5.585

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…The involvement of immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and innate immune components, has been widely recognized. However, there is ongoing research to determine the precise sequence of events, factors that influence immunological dominance, and the interactions that occur within the intricate hepatic milieu[ 155 ]. Furthermore, there is a need for more significant investigation into the mechanisms that govern the shift from regulated viral replication to reactivation and the subsequent effects on immune responses.…”

Section: Future Directions and Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the immunological mechanisms in hepatitis B virus reactivation: Implications for disease progression and management strategies

Ma,

Yan,

et al. 2024

World J Gastroenterol

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management. This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation, emphasizing disease progression and management. It delves into host immune responses and reactivation’s delicate balance, spanning innate and adaptive immunity. Viral factors’ disruption of this balance, as are interactions between viral antigens, immune cells, cytokine networks, and immune checkpoint pathways, are examined. Notably, the roles of T cells, natural killer cells, and antigen-presenting cells are discussed, highlighting their influence on disease progression. HBV reactivation’s impact on disease severity, hepatic flares, liver fibrosis progression, and hepatocellular carcinoma is detailed. Management strategies, including anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches, are critically analyzed. The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy during immunosuppressive treatments is explored alongside novel immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and prevent reactivation. In conclusion, this comprehensive review furnishes a holistic view of the immunological mechanisms that propel HBV reactivation. With a dedicated focus on understanding its implications for disease progression and the prospects of efficient management strategies, this article contributes significantly to the knowledge base. The more profound insights into the intricate interactions between viral elements and the immune system will inform evidence-based approaches, ultimately enhancing disease management and elevating patient outcomes. The dynamic landscape of management strategies is critically scrutinized, spanning anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches. The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing reactivation during immunosuppressive treatments and the potential of innovative immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and proactively deter reactivation.

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Section: Future Directions and Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the immunological mechanisms in hepatitis B virus reactivation: Implications for disease progression and management strategies

Ma,

Yan,

et al. 2024

World J Gastroenterol

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“…By targeting the capsid, researchers aim to disrupt viral replication and prevent the production of new infectious particles. Capsid inhibition represents an exciting and innovative approach to the development of therapeutic vaccines for Hepatitis B [13,21] . By targeting the viral capsid, researchers aim to disrupt the viral life cycle and reduce the burden of chronic infection.…”

Section: Capsid Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of the prospects and challenges of Hepatitis B therapeutic vaccines

Hudu,

Osman,

Abu-Shoura

et al. 2024

Trends Immunother.

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Hepatitis B therapeutic vaccines hold great promise in the treatment of chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, like any medical intervention, they also face certain prospects and challenges which forms the aim of this critical review. Therapeutic vaccines offer a targeted approach to manage chronic Hepatitis B infections, aiming to stimulate the immune system to recognise and eliminate infected cells. The potential to halt disease progression holds promise for preventing severe liver diseases associated with chronic Hepatitis B, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therapeutic vaccines, if effective, could contribute to a more equitable distribution of treatment options globally, especially in resource-limited settings. Hepatitis B therapeutic vaccines may play a crucial role in preventing vertical transmission, reducing the global incidence of perinatal HBV infections and improving maternal-child health outcomes. Diverse vaccine platforms and combination strategies, including immunomodulation and checkpoint inhibitors, are advancing, optimising immunogenicity, and eliciting strong immune responses. Tailoring therapeutic vaccines to individual patients based on genetic considerations may enhance efficacy, recognizing the genetic diversity of Hepatitis B. Therapeutic vaccines need to align with global health goals related to infectious disease elimination, contributing to broader efforts to reduce the burden of Hepatitis B worldwide. While Hepatitis B therapeutic vaccines hold significant promise in transforming the management of chronic infections, addressing challenges related to access, viral variability, and long-term monitoring is crucial for their successful integration into global healthcare strategies.

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“…World Health Organization data in 2019 it is estimated 296 million people are infected with chronic hepatitis B with 1.5 million new infections per year. In 2019, there were an estimated 820,000 deaths from hepatitis B, some big Because cirrhosis And carcinoma hepatocellular (cancer heart primary) (Salama et al, 2023) . On year In 2019, in Southeast Asia, almost 60 million people are known to be living with the infection virus hepatitis B (HBV) chronic (Organization, 2006) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between the Role of Midwives, Maternal Knowledge and Husband Support with Compliance of Pregnant Women in HBSAG Examination at PMB Wagi Koja, North Jakarta in 2023

T¹,

Maesaroh²

2023

JSA

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Pregnant women are a vulnerable group infected with the Hepatitis B virus. Based on World Health Organization data in 2019 it is estimated that 296 million people are infected with chronic hepatitis B with 1.5 million new infections per year. In 2019 in Indonesia, the number of pregnant women tested for hepatitis B using the HBsAg rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was 2,540,158 people (48.25%) of the target pregnant women. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the role of midwives, maternal knowledge, husband support and compliance of pregnant women in conducting HBsAg examinations at PMB Wagi Koja, North Jakarta in 2023. This research method uses an observational survey and is a type of quantitative research, with a cross-sectional study design. The number of samples in this study was 32 people, with the sampling technique being Total side. The results in this study are P value < α, where Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the role of midwives (P value = 0.036 and OR=6,500), knowledge (P value = 0.015 and OR=8,750) and husband support (P value = 0.029 and OR=7,333) with the compliance of pregnant women in conducting HBsAg examinations at PMB Wagi Koja, North Jakarta in 2023. The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between the role of midwives, knowledge and support of husbands with the compliance of pregnant women in conducting HBsAg examinations at PMB Wagi Koja, North Jakarta in 2023. PMB Koja is expected to provide counseling and education on the importance of pregnancy checks, especially HBsAg examinations and advise husbands and families to provide emotional and instrumental support and facilitate mothers' needs during the examination.

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Current and novel modalities for management of chronic hepatitis B infection

Cited by 4 publications

References 188 publications

Overview of the immunological mechanisms in hepatitis B virus reactivation: Implications for disease progression and management strategies

Overview of the immunological mechanisms in hepatitis B virus reactivation: Implications for disease progression and management strategies

A critical review of the prospects and challenges of Hepatitis B therapeutic vaccines

The Relationship between the Role of Midwives, Maternal Knowledge and Husband Support with Compliance of Pregnant Women in HBSAG Examination at PMB Wagi Koja, North Jakarta in 2023

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