Current and Future Direct-Acting Antivirals Against COVID-19

Chan, Shiu-Wan

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.587944

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 140 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…Sequence analysis indicates that the fusion domain and fusion peptide of the S2 subunit shows a higher identity than the S1 subunit in all the coronaviruses [ 13 , 68 ]. The 6-HB structure is conserved and is essential for the membrane fusion and entry of coronaviruses [ 17 ].…”

Section: Targets For Pan-coronavirus Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contrary to the universal vaccine, it is scientifically feasible to develop pan-coronavirus inhibitors based on the genome-scale comprehensive analysis of virus genome and host factors using in silico virtual screening and molecular docking. Until now, numerous drugs or peptides have been identified as promising pan-inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In this review, we discuss the latest progress of possible targets of pan-coronavirus antiviral strategies against emerging or re-emerging coronaviruses ( Figure 1 ), which will provide prospects for the current and future research and treatment of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possible Targets of Pan-Coronavirus Antiviral Strategies for Emerging or Re-Emerging Coronaviruses

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused Coronaviruses Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a worldwide pandemic, is the seventh human coronavirus that has been cross-transmitted from animals to humans. It can be predicted that with continuous contact between humans and animals, more viruses will spread from animals to humans. Therefore, it is imperative to develop universal coronavirus or pan-coronavirus vaccines or drugs against the next coronavirus pandemic. However, a suitable target is critical for developing pan-coronavirus antivirals against emerging or re-emerging coronaviruses. In this review, we discuss the latest progress of possible targets of pan-coronavirus antiviral strategies for emerging or re-emerging coronaviruses, including targets for pan-coronavirus inhibitors and vaccines, which will provide prospects for the current and future research and treatment of the disease.

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Section: Targets For Pan-coronavirus Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Targets of Pan-Coronavirus Antiviral Strategies for Emerging or Re-Emerging Coronaviruses

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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“…To date, no potent FDA approved inhibitor targeting PLpro has been marketed to cure SARS-CoV-2 infection. Following the latest screening results of Chan et al on potential inhibitors of PLpro extracted from the Zinc drug database, revealed that valganciclovir, ribavirin, and thymidine (anti-viral drugs), chlorphenesin carbamate (also known as Musil), a skeletal muscle relaxant drug exhibits high-affinity binding to PLpro (Chan, 2020). Naturally derived compounds targeting PLpro are Platycodon grandifloras derived platycodin D, Cyperus rotundus derived sugetriol-3,9-diacetate, Scutellaria baicalensis derived baicalin, and so forth (Wu et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Inhibiting Plpromentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Insight on Potential Prophylactics, Vaccines and Therapeutic Weaponry for the Ongoing Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic- A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2021

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The emergence of highly virulent CoVs (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of novel ongoing “COVID-19” pandemics has been marked as an alarming case of pneumonia posing a large global healthcare crisis of unprecedented magnitude. Currently, the COVID-19 outbreak has fueled an international demand in the biomedical field for the mitigation of the fast-spreading illness, all through the urgent deployment of safe, effective, and rational therapeutic strategies along with epidemiological control. Confronted with such contagious respiratory distress, the global population has taken significant steps towards a more robust strategy of containment and quarantine to halt the total number of positive cases but such a strategy can only delay the spread. A substantial number of potential vaccine candidates are undergoing multiple clinical trials to combat COVID-19 disease, includes live-attenuated, inactivated, viral-vectored based, sub-unit vaccines, DNA, mRNA, peptide, adjuvant, plant, and nanoparticle-based vaccines. However, there are no licensed anti-COVID-19 drugs/therapies or vaccines that have proven to work as more effective therapeutic candidates in open-label clinical trial studies. To counteract the infection (SARS-CoV-2), many people are under prolonged treatment of many chemical drugs that inhibit the PLpro activity (Ribavirin), viral proteases (Lopinavir/Ritonavir), RdRp activity (Favipiravir, Remdesivir), viral membrane fusion (Umifenovir, Chloroquine phosphate (CQ), Hydroxychloroquine phosphate (HCQ), IL-6 overexpression (Tocilizumab, Siltuximab, Sarilumab). Mesenchymal Stem Cell therapy and Convalescent Plasma Therapy have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 virion. On the other hand, repurposing previously designed antiviral agents with tolerable safety profile and efficacy could be the only promising approach and fast response to the novel virion. In addition, research institutions and corporations have commenced the redesign of the available therapeutic strategy to manage the global crisis. Herein, we present succinct information on selected anti-COVID-19 therapeutic medications repurposed to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, this review will provide exhaustive detail on recent prophylactic strategies and ongoing clinical trials to curb this deadly pandemic, outlining the major therapeutic areas for researchers to step in.

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“…The mortality rate is 2.16% globally, but these figures might be over-estimated due to under testing ( 2 ). The lockdown is the best strategy in this pandemic situation, although several vaccines and neutralizing antibody therapies were passed emergency use approval in the US and EU ( 3 ). The COVID-19 symptoms vary by individual from asymptomatic to severe ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein for Therapeutic and Preventive Target

et al. 2021

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The global crisis caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to the most significant economic loss and human deaths after World War II. The pathogen causing this disease is a novel virus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of December 2020, there have been 80.2 million confirmed patients, and the mortality rate is known as 2.16% globally. A strategy to protect a host from SARS-CoV-2 is by suppressing intracellular viral replication or preventing viral entry. We focused on the spike glycoprotein that is responsible for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration/EU Medicines Agency authorized a vaccine and antibody to treat COVID-19 patients by emergency use approval in the absence of long-term clinical trials. Both commercial and academic efforts to develop preventive and therapeutic agents continue all over the world. In this review, we present a perspective on current reports about the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 as a therapeutic target.

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Current and Future Direct-Acting Antivirals Against COVID-19

Cited by 18 publications

References 140 publications

Possible Targets of Pan-Coronavirus Antiviral Strategies for Emerging or Re-Emerging Coronaviruses

Possible Targets of Pan-Coronavirus Antiviral Strategies for Emerging or Re-Emerging Coronaviruses

A Scoping Insight on Potential Prophylactics, Vaccines and Therapeutic Weaponry for the Ongoing Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic- A Comprehensive Review

Structure of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein for Therapeutic and Preventive Target

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