Current and Alternative Therapies for Nasal Mucosa Injury: A Review

Abstract

Nasal mucosa injury can be caused by trauma, radiotherapy, chronic infection such as sinusitis, and post sinus surgery. The rate of healing and its treatment are important in the recovery of patients especially in post sinus surgery, which introduces new injuries. In this review, the current knowledge in terms of the mechanism underlying nasal wound healing was initially discussed. The currently available treatment options for enhancement of wound healing following sinus surgery were discussed and these had included intravenous antibiotics or steroids, various nasal sprays, and nasal packing. In addition, emerging alternative therapies in nasal mucosa wound healing such as herbal medicine and the advancement of regenerative medicine therapies such as stem cells and their byproducts were also discussed. Despite the various available treatment options for wound healing in nasal mucosa, rigorous strong evidence of their efficacy is gravely warranted in order to recommend them as part of the treatment modality.

Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine nasal irrigation on chronic rhinosinusitis recovery after endoscopic sinus surgery: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…However, after ESS, the operative cavity is exposed, secretions are retained, and crusts are accumulated, and some new lesions may occur, such as mucosal edema, vesicle formation, and PLOS ONE polyp regeneration. The nasal mucosa transformation after ESS includes the following four stages: cleaning of the surgical cavity, mucosal transition, complete epithelialization, and tissue remodeling [31]. Therefore, promoting the benign outcome and epithelialization of the mucosa of the surgical cavity and reducing mucosal edema, vesicles, granulation, and other lesions during the postoperative outcome stage is an essential link to treating chronic sinusitis.…”

Genipin-Crosslinking Effects on Biomatrix Development for Cutaneous Wound Healing: A Concise Review

“…Its three-dimensional (3D) porous formation is an ideal environment for skin cells to attach and proliferate. Therefore, it plays pivotal roles as wound dressings, tissue-engineered skin substitute (TESS), acellular skin substitute, and other wound treatments that offer speedy healing ( Kailani et al, 2016 ; Arif et al, 2020 ; Selvarajah et al, 2020a ; Tottoli et al, 2020 ). Nevertheless, some polymers will easily become collapse, soft, and fluidic and undergo fast degradation at body temperatures, such as natural-based polymers (gelatin, elastin, collagen, alginate, etc.)…”

Achievements and Challenges in Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Otorhinolaryngology

“…Treatments such as antibiotics, steroid, nasal douche, nasal sprays, and endoscopic sinus surgery are usually administered to patients with rhinosinusitis to reduce inflammation, eliminate infection, and to revert the diseased mucosa to normal function, but the respiratory epithelium does not undergo restoration and amelioration. Therefore, in rhinosinusitis, regenerative medicine by employing a multidisciplinary approach of achieves tissue repair using stem cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules [162].…”