Current Advancements in Antitumor Properties and Mechanisms of Medicinal Components in Edible Mushrooms

Abstract

Edible and medicinal fungi, a group of eukaryotic organisms with numerous varieties, including Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps sinensis, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Grifola frondosa, have been demonstrated to possess a board range of pharmaceutical properties, including anti-virus, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. Moreover, edible and medicinal fungi have been traditionally consumed as food to provide multiple nutrients and as drugs owing to having the activities of invigorating blood circulation, reinforcing the healthy qi, clearing away heat, and eliminating stasis for thousands of years in China. Malignant tumors, well-known as the second leading cause of death globally, accounted for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Thus, in-depth exploration of strategies to prevent and treat cancer is extremely urgent. A variety of studies have reported that the main bioactive components of edible and medicinal fungi, mainly polysaccharides and triterpenoids, exhibit diverse anticancer activities via multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of cell proliferation and metastasis, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, reversing multidrug resistance, and regulation of immune responses, thus suggesting their substantial potential in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Our review summarizes the research progress on the anticancer properties of edible and medicinal fungi and the underlying molecular mechanism, which may offer a better understanding of this field. Additionally, few studies have reported the safety and efficacy of extracts from edible and medicinal fungi, which may limit their clinical application. In summary, there is a need to continue to explore the use of those extracts and to further validate their safety and efficacy.

Poria cocos polysaccharide—functionalized graphene oxide nanosheet induces efficient cancer immunotherapy in mice

“…Poria cocos is composed of multiple chemical composition, including triterpenes, polysaccharides, steroids, amino acids, choline, and histidine. Previous studies have revealed that Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCPs) and their derivatives have various biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-oxidant ( Chen et al, 2009 ; Ke et al, 2010 ; Xu et al, 2022 ). The capability of PCP to enhance cellular immunity and humoral immunity and its outstanding safety profile make it a promising candidate for innovative adjuvant development ( Zhang et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Nanoparticles are minute particles that are typically <200 nm in diameter ( Chrastina et al, 2011 ) and exhibit unique properties, such as large surface-to-volume ratio, drug-loading compacity and tunable surface chemistry, confer many advantages in terms of vaccine delivery ( Xu et al, 2015 ). Recently, graphene oxide (GO) have been widely utilized as vehicles for drug delivery ( Zheng et al, 2018 ), biological sensors ( Xu et al, 2022 ) and have been applied successfully in photodynamic therapy ( Wei et al, 2016 ), cancer treatment ( Arya et al, 2018 ) and antibacterial therapy ( Wang et al, 2022 ). GO is derived from graphite via a variety of oxidation processes, the most common of which is the enhanced Hummers method ( Zhang et al, 2022 ).…”

Isolation, identification, and fermentation characteristics of endogenous lactic acid bacteria derived from edible mushrooms

“…Edible mushrooms are large fungi that can be eaten by people, which have high nutritional value and are rich in nutrients and active ingredients such as polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, polyphenols, and terpenoids (Kumar et al, 2021;Mleczek et al, 2021;Podkowa et al, 2021). Moreover, it has functions such as immunomodulatory (Pathak et al, 2022), anti-tumor (Xu et al, 2022), anti-inflammatory (Kushairi et al, 2020), antioxidant (Muñoz-Castiblanco et al, 2022), anti-bacterial (Moussa et al, 2022), hypolipidemic activity (Sheng et al, 2019), and various other effects. In recent years, edible mushroom industry has developed rapidly in China, with an annual output of more than 40 million tons, accounting for more than 75% of global output (China Edible Fungi Association, 2022), thus making important contributions to poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.…”

Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis Combined with Chemometrics Revealed the Effects of Different Cooking Methods on Lentinus edodes

“…Their high protein, high dietary fiber, and unique flavor make them a delicacy and they are widely incorporated into a variety of dishes, especially in East Asia [ 1 ]. In recent decades, many chemical components have been extracted from different parts of edible fungus, and previous studies have confirmed that these extracts exhibit health-promoting benefits, especially in diseases associated with inflammation [ 2 ], including antitumor activities [ 3 ], antioxidant activities [ 4 ], antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects [ 5 ], and antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering effects [ 6 ].…”