Curing of DGEBA epoxy using a phenol-terminated hyperbranched curing agent: Cure kinetics, gelation, and the TTT cure diagram

Li, Qi; Li, Xiaoyü; Meng, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2012.09.012

Cited by 60 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The good miscibility can be explained by structural similarity between EHBPE modifiers and DGEBA and by the higher reactivity of terminal epoxide group in EBHPE, which ensures the incorporation of EHBPE (into the 15 crosslink network) in the early stage of cure and prevent phase separation. 19 The full width at half maxima (FWHM) of tanδ may reveal additional information such as miscibility and homogeneity and is listed in Table 2. At 3%, 5%, and 10% loadings, FWHM of 20 hybrids containing EHBPE-4C are all narrower than that of the neat system, suggesting that addition of EHBPE-4C appears to result in a more homogeneous network.…”

Section: Curing and Performance Sections (1) Ftir Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of epoxy toughness on the backbone structure of hyperbranched polyether modifiers

et al. 2015

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Synthesis of epoxide-terminated hyperbranched polyethers (EHBPEs) with different backbone stiffness and molecular weight (MW) are obtained using simple one-pot A 2 +B 3 approach. When used as tougheners for DGEBA/TETA system, non-phase-separated cured networks are always obtained. Effects of MW and backbone stiffness on the toughening performance were systematically investigated. Among the EHBPEs studied, EHBPE-4C which has the lowest MW and stiffest backbone and EHBPE-10C 10 which has the highest MW and most flexible backbone can simultaneously improve toughness, tensile strength, and T g . In contrast, addition of EHBPE-6C and EHBPE-8C, which have medium MW and backbone stiffness, lead to incomplete cure and cannot improve or worsen the toughness and tensile strength. Both stiffness and MW of hyperbranched polyether play important roles in determining the crosslink density and structure of non-phase-separated networks, which dictate the toughness strength and 15

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Section: Curing and Performance Sections (1) Ftir Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of epoxy toughness on the backbone structure of hyperbranched polyether modifiers

et al. 2015

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“…Epoxy resin (EP) is one of the most versatile thermosetting materials in the electronic/electrical industrials, owing to its excellent mechanical properties and chemical resistance . Free of volatile byproducts during cure and low curing shrinkage make it desirable for structural matrix, adhesive, and composites . In general, electronic/electrical products require flame‐retardancy grade to guarantee the use safety in heated environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of phosphorus‐containing phenolic resin and its application in epoxy resin as a curing agent and flame retardant

Deng

Liu

Yuan

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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For the sake of improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP), a novel phosphorus‐containing phenolic resin (PPR) synthesized in our group instead of conventional phenolic resin (PR) was used to cure EP in the present research. The curing processes and the corresponding crosslinking structure and mechanical performance were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Because of the introduction of flame‐retarding elements including P and Si, PPR exhibited higher charring capacity in the condensed phase, which is helpful to construct a char layer of higher quality. Correspondingly, PPR‐cured EP displayed remarkably improved flame retardance as compared to conventional PR‐cured EP through the related evaluations including limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test, and microscale combustion colorimeter. As a multifunction agent, it is believable that PPR possesses potential commercial value to prepare flame‐retardant EP with high performance.

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“…[31][32][33] When those HBPs with ether groups in the backbones were added into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy to form hybrids, the cured hybrids materials did not show improvements in the tensile strength and T g , because a significant amount of soft segments were presented in those HBPs. [31][32][33] When those HBPs with ether groups in the backbones were added into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy to form hybrids, the cured hybrids materials did not show improvements in the tensile strength and T g , because a significant amount of soft segments were presented in those HBPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An epoxy‐ended hyperbranched polymer as a new modifier for toughening and reinforcing in epoxy resin

Luo

Meng

Qiu

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A new epoxy-ended hyperbranched polyether (HBPEE) with aromatic skeletons was synthesized through one-step proton transfer polymerization. The structure of HBPEE was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. It was proved to be one high efficient modifier in toughening and reinforcing epoxy matrix. In particular, unlike most other hyperbranched modifiers, the glass transition temperature (T g ) was also increased. Compared with the neat DGEBA, the hybrid curing systems showed excellent balanced mechanical properties at 5 wt % HBPEE loading. The great improvements were attributed to the increased cross-linking density, rigid skeletons, and the molecule-scale cavities brought by the reactive HBPEE, which were confirmed by dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA). Furthermore, because of the reactivity of HBPEE, the hybrids inclined to form a homogenous system after the curing. DMA and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed that no phase separation occurred in the DGEBA/HBPEE hybrids after the introduction of reactive HBPEE. SEM also confirmed that the addition of HBPEE could enhance the toughness of epoxy materials as evident from fibril formation.

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Curing of DGEBA epoxy using a phenol-terminated hyperbranched curing agent: Cure kinetics, gelation, and the TTT cure diagram

Cited by 60 publications

References 57 publications

Dependence of epoxy toughness on the backbone structure of hyperbranched polyether modifiers

Dependence of epoxy toughness on the backbone structure of hyperbranched polyether modifiers

Preparation of phosphorus‐containing phenolic resin and its application in epoxy resin as a curing agent and flame retardant

An epoxy‐ended hyperbranched polymer as a new modifier for toughening and reinforcing in epoxy resin

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