Cure of Typhoid Carriers

What Are the Essentials of Typhoid Fever Control Today?

“…Thirty-three, or 2 .5 per cent, of these 1,318 individuals remained positive for typhoid bacilli and have been, or will be declared carriers, this proportion being almost identical with that for Massachusetts reported by Bigelow and Anderson (1933). Methods for supervising typhoid carriers, and the results of gall bladder operations for their cure have recently been described by Senftner and Coughlin (1933), and Bigelow and Anderson (1933). A few states and cities already have well developed facilities for handling the typhoid carrier problem; but looking toward the eradication of the disease there is great need for the extension of this service in all parts of the country.…”

“…Two or more fecal specimens were obtained at intervals of at least 5 days and 3 weeks or more after date of onset from all but 47 of the remaining patients. Thirty-three, or 2 .5 per cent, of these 1,318 individuals remained positive for typhoid bacilli and have been, or will be declared carriers, this proportion being almost identical with that for Massachusetts reported by Bigelow and Anderson (1933). Methods for supervising typhoid carriers, and the results of gall bladder operations for their cure have recently been described by Senftner and Coughlin (1933), and Bigelow and Anderson (1933).…”

“…In 1,301 communities with less than 2,500 inhabitants, and with proportionately fewer water supply improvements, there were 14 water-borne outbreaks from 1913 to 1922, and 10 water-borne outbreaks from 1923 to 1932 inclusive. Doull, Morales, and Haygood (1928) found that in Knoxville, Tenn., typhoid fever was most prevalent among persons who, though living inside the city limits, used privies or outdoor flush closets, and drank water from wells and springs. It is believed that if this survey were repeated in other cities with high typhoid death rates, similar results would be obtained, and that in spite of accessible city water supplies and sewerage systems, large numbers of people drinking spring or well water and using privies would be found.…”

An epidemiological surveillance of asymptomatic typhoid carriers associated in respect to socioeconomic status in India

“…The asymptomatic carrier state in humans has had serious consequences on public health and the exclusive source for typhoid bacillus was asymptomatic typhoid carriers. An individual could asymptomatically carry the typhoid bacilli for days to years without any symptoms of typhoid fever (Bigelow andAnderson 1933: White andParry 1996;Senthilkumar and Prabakaran 2005). They usually excrete as many as 10 11 virulent typhoid bacilli per gram of faeces.…”

Laboratory Criteria of the Cure of Typhoid Carriers

“…In Massachusetts we have a record of approximately 90 per cent cures. Bigelow and Anderson in 1933 5 gave the only previous report from this state on the subject. At that time there had been 13 operations with 13 apparent cures.…”