Cure kinetics of a polysilazane system: Experimental characterization and numerical modelling

D׳Elia, Raffaele; Dusserre, Gilles; Confetto, Sylvie Del; Eberling-Fux, Nicolas; Descamps, Cédric; Cutard, Thierry

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.01.025

Cited by 39 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These small protrusions may absorb external energy through obstructing and transferring the growth of cracks, making EP‐2 with better mechanical properties, which is consistent with the results of mechanical tests (shown in Figure and Table ). As for the fracture surfaces of EP/PVSZ (Figure d,h), some particles (marked in red circle) appear, which may be formed through the crosslinking reactions between reactive groups (such as vinyl groups) in PVSZ during curing process, indicating the poor compatibility of PVSZ in epoxy resin. In addition, fewer cracks on the fracture surface of EP/PVSZ are also the reasons for the poor mechanical properties of EP/PVSZ.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously Improving the Thermal, Flame‐Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins Modified by a Novel Multi‐Element Synergistic Flame Retardant

Chen

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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are restricted because of the emission of toxic gases and corrosive smoke during combustion. [7][8][9][10] For decades, halogen-free flame retardants, particularly phosphoruscontaining ones have received more attention due to the satisfactory flame-retardant effect in gaseous and condensed phases simultaneously.Phosphorus-containing compounds are the most common halogen-free flame retardants, [11,12] which produce less toxic gases and smoke than halogen-containing compounds. [13,14] They also could impart excellent flame retardancy to EP, as reactive or additive flame retardants. [5] Compared with additive flame retardants, reactive flame retardants impart long-lasting flame retardancy and environmental resistance to EP. [6] Hence, preparation of a novel phosphorus-containing reactive flame retardant has become a hot research spot in recent years. [15] Huo et al. successfully synthesized a novel reactive flame retardant (DPT) through the reaction among DOPO, 1,4-phthalaldehyde, and triacetonediamine. Particularly, EP/DDM/ DPT-4 with 1.0 weight percent (wt%) phosphorus achieves limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 38.3% and UL-94 V-0 rating, while the glass transition temperature decreased by 11 °C. [15] Unfortunately, the traditional phosphorus-containing flame retardant can improve the flame retardant performance of epoxy resin, but its thermal and mechanical properties often decrease. [16,17] Therefore, it is necessary to find an approach to simultaneously improve the thermal, flame-retardant, and mechanical properties.In fact, multi-element synergistic flame retardants, such as P/N/F, [18] P/N/S/Mo, [19] and P/N/Si [20] have been proved to be an effective approach to overcome this predicament. Liu et al. developed a multi-element synergistic flame retardant system through the classical Kabachnik-Fields reaction, which achieved a combination of DOPO, POM, and POSS. The LOI value was 34.5% and the flexural strength increased by 11.7% when the content of POSS-bisDOPO was 20 wt%. [21] Reactive flame retardants containing different elements give EP with excellent flame retardancy and maintain high glass transition temperature. [5] Among the phosphorus-containing reagents, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) with high flame retardancy, good thermal stability, and high reactivity has been widely used in flame retardant modification of EP., [22,23] However, it will cause the bioaccumula tion of phosphorus and deterioration Flame-Retardant Epoxy ResinTo obtain epoxy resins with satisfactory thermal, flame retardant, and mechanical properties, a novel multi-element synergistic flame retardant (PPVSZ) is synthesized through the reaction between PH of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and CC of polysilazane (PVSZ) and utilized as a multi-element synergistic flame retardant for epoxy resins. The flame retardant mechanism is explored by XPS and SEM, confirming that the excellent flame-retardance efficiency owes itself to an optimal flame retardant way which jointly exerts the f...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously Improving the Thermal, Flame‐Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins Modified by a Novel Multi‐Element Synergistic Flame Retardant

Chen

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…Up to now, most of the reported C f /SiBCN composites are fabricated by PIP. Generally, a large amount of small-molecule gas is released during the pyrolysis process, which reduces the ceramic yield of precursor and decreases the fabrication e ciency of the composites [27][28][29]. Cross-linking of the precursor into large molecules has been proved to be an effective method to reduce the release of small molecules during pyrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D Cf/SiBCN composites fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis

Chen

Ding

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In this work, 3D C f /SiBCN composites were fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) with poly(methylvinyl)borosilazane as SiBCN precursor. The 3D microstructure evolution process of the composites was investigated by an advanced x-ray computed tomography (XCT). The effect of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator addition on the crosslinking process, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the composites were uncovered. With the addition of DCP initiator, the liquid precursor can cross-link to solid-state at 120 °C. Moreover, DCP addition decreases the release of small molecule gas during pyrolysis, leading to an improved ceramic yield 4.67 times higher than that without DCP addition. After 7 PIP cycles, density and open porosity of the final Cf/SiBCN composite with DCP addition are 1.73 g·cm -3 and ~10%, respectively, which are 143.0% higher and 30.3% lower compared with the composites without DCP addition. As a result, the flexural strength and elastic modulus of Cf/SiBCN composites with DCP addition (371 MPa and 31 GPa) are 1.74 and 1.60 times higher than that without DCP addition (213 MPa and 19.4 GPa).

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“…OPSZ are polysilazanes (PSZs) in which hydrocarbon substituents are bound to silicon atoms. In this context, generally speaking, OPSZs have not been the subject of extensive research in the field of corrosion protection of metallic materials, as only a little investigation has been carried out [16,17]. Polyorganosilazanes (OPSZs) consist of a class of materials characterized by a Si-N-Si structural framework where silicon and nitrogen atoms are alternately connected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Polyorganosilazane-Derived Hybrid Coatings for the Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Chloride Solution

et al. 2019

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Polysilazane (PSZ) have been used for many years as precursors for the development of ceramic materials. Recently, hydrocarbon-substituted polysilazane, which is called organopolysilazane (OPSZ), has been proposed as possible alternative to silanes for the corrosion protection of metals by the sol gel route. In this work, polymethyl(hydro)/polydimethylsilazane-derived coatings were deposited on low-carbon steel for corrosion protection purposes. The effect of the OPSZ precursor concentration (10–40 v/v %) in butyl-acetate on the final properties of the coatings was investigated. Coatings in the thickness range of 1 to 3.5 µm were obtained. The experimental results showed that the concentration of OPSZ in the solvent affects the structural properties as well as the dry film thickness of the hybrid layer. In particular, the network arrangement seems to be influenced by the dilution of the OPSZ precursors solution. The electrochemical characterization revealed that a minimum thickness of about 2 to 3 µm is needed to provide the mild steel substrate with enhanced corrosion protection properties compared to the bare substrate. Comparing the obtained results with literature data, it seems that OPSZs are a potential alternative to coatings derived from organisilicon precursors.

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Cure kinetics of a polysilazane system: Experimental characterization and numerical modelling

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

Simultaneously Improving the Thermal, Flame‐Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins Modified by a Novel Multi‐Element Synergistic Flame Retardant

Simultaneously Improving the Thermal, Flame‐Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins Modified by a Novel Multi‐Element Synergistic Flame Retardant

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D Cf/SiBCN composites fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis

Characterization of Polyorganosilazane-Derived Hybrid Coatings for the Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Chloride Solution

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