Cure kinetics and chemorheology of EPDM/graphene oxide nanocomposites

Allahbakhsh, Ahmad; Mazinani, Saeedeh; Kalaee, Mohammadreza; Sharif, Farhad

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2013.04.010

Cited by 63 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Besides the extremely small thickness, isolated oxygen reaction sites contribute to the wrinkled topology of MGO sheets at nanoscale [21] since the most characteristic feature in FTIR spectrum (Figure 1d) is the broad, intense band of -OH (3700-3000 cm -1 ) as well as other bands associated with C-O functionalities ( i.e. C=O and C-O-C/C-OH) [11,15].…”

Section: Results and Discussion 31 Morphology And Characterization mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have been taken into account; however, the property improvements are still far from expectations and the thermal conductivity in particular [3][4][5]. The polymerization of monomers into the polymer matrix is of vital importance to the final properties of composites, several kinetic works reported the effect of GMs on the polymerization [6][7][8][9][10][11], specifically, Wu et al [6] found a vulcanization stage dependence of activation energy (E) variation of graphene/natural rubber system with Ozawa and Kissinger methods; Wang and Qiu [7] noticed an accelerated isothermal melt crystallization of poly (l-lactic acid) by graphene oxide (GO) with isoconversional method; Jing and Qiu [8] (3-hydroxybutyrate) depends on the GO loading and the crystallization temperature; Zhang et al [9] used Kissinger equation and noticed that GO decreases the E of nylon 6; Qiu et al [10] used isoconversional method and found that the effect of GO on the E of a tetrafunctional tetraglycidyl-4,4"-diaminodiphenylmethane cured with 4,4"-diaminodiphenylsulfone depends on GO content and curing stage; and with Kamal and Ryan's model as well as Isayev and Deng's model, Allahbakhsh et al [11] revealed that E of GO/ethylene-propylene-diene rubber system depends on the GO content and the dispersion quality of GO. Notably, hardly any kinetic works directly contribute to the performance improvement of GM/polymer composites, worse still, the polymerizing strategy for the polymer matrices are extensively misused for the GM/polymer composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Targeted kinetic strategy for improving the thermal conductivity of epoxy composite containing percolating multi-layer graphene oxide chains

Zhou

Koga

Nogi

et al. 2015

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. By adding 2 wt% multi-layer graphene oxide (MGO) to an epoxy resin, the thermal conductivity of the composite reached a maximum, 2.03 times that of the epoxy. The presence of 2 wt%MGO percolating chains leads to an unprecedentedly sharp rise in energy barrier at final curing stage, but an increased epoxy curing degree (! IR ) is observed; however, this ! IR difference nearly disappears after aging or thermal annealing. These results suggest that the steep concentration gradient of -OH, originated from the 2 wt%MGO percolating chains, exerts the vital driving force on the residual isolated/ trapped epoxy to conquer barrier for epoxy-MGO reaction. A modified Shrinking Core Model customized for the special layered-structure of MGO sheet was proposed to understand the resistance variation during the intercalative epoxy-MGO reaction. It shows that the promoted intercalative crosslinking is highly desirable for further improving the thermal conductivity of the composite, but it meets with increased resistance. Guided by the kinetic studies, targeted optimization on the cure processing strategy was accordingly proposed to promote the intercalative crosslinking, a thermal conductivity, 2.96 times that of the epoxy, was got with only a small amount (30°C) increase of the post-heating temperature.

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Section: Results and Discussion 31 Morphology And Characterization mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted kinetic strategy for improving the thermal conductivity of epoxy composite containing percolating multi-layer graphene oxide chains

Zhou

Koga

Nogi

et al. 2015

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…Melt mixing is a preparation technique favoured by industry, since it combines low cost and speed [134,[137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151]. The general principle of this method involves the dispersion of the fillers in the elastomer matrix in the molten state, by applying a shear force.…”

Section: Melt Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene/elastomer nanocomposites

Papageorgiou

Kinloch

Young

2015

Carbon

319

190

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In the decade since the first isolation and identification of graphene, the scientific community is still finding ways to utilize its unique properties. The present review deals with the preparation and physicochemical characterization of graphene-based elastomeric nanocomposites. The processing and characterization of graphene and graphene oxide are described in detail, since the presence of such fillers in an elastomeric matrix affects dramatically the properties of the nanocomposite samples. Several preparation routes for the efficient dispersion of graphene in elastomers are then discussed, while aspects such as the interfacial bonding between the filler and the matrix or interactions between the fillers have been thoroughly analysed. Different types of graphene/elastomer nanocomposites are described in terms of their manufacture and properties and it has been shown that depending on the type of graphene employed and the preparation methods, the mechanical, thermal, electrical and barrier properties of the elastomeric matrix can be enhanced due to the presence of graphene, even at relatively-low filler loadings. In most cases, the formation of a filler network can play a major role in the improvement of the overall performance of the material.

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“…For example, a recent study by Li et al (2013) and Hernández et al(2012) have confirmed that graphene sheets (GS) have shown a strong interaction with natural rubber. Contrary to this, Bai et al(2011), Li, et al (2011, Kang et al(2014) and Allahbakhsh, et al(2013) have all emphasized that the numerous oxygen moieties (-OH, -O-C=O, and C-O-C etc) contained in graphene oxide (GO) sheets makes it compatible with rubber matrix, should the resulting properties be compared with those of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which is a modified GS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, GO/rGO and other derivatives graphenes reinforced with various elastomers with different polarities have shown different curing with varied physicomechanical properties (Allahbakhsh et al 2013;Mensah, et al 2014;Mensah et al 2015;Varghese et al 2013). The influence of the corrugating/wrinkling structural texture of the graphene sheet on rubber matrix has shown different findings on resulting properties of the composites by different researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%