Cure characteristics, tensile properties and swelling behaviour of recycled rubber powder-filled natural rubber compounds

Ismail, Hanafi; Nordin, Rumaizah Mohd; Noor, Ahmad Md.

doi:10.1016/s0142-9418(01)00125-8

Cited by 100 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A smooth failure surface of a silica-filled vulcanizate is due to a weak filler-rubber interaction and poor silica dispersion, whereas a rough failure surface with many tear lines from ductile failure indicates a good silica-rubber interaction and high tensile strength [43,44]. The SEM micrographs of the vulcanizates with no compatibilizer and with reference TESPT, as shown in Figure 11a and 11b respectively, clearly correspond to their different tensile strengths: Figure 8a.…”

Section: Sem Micrographsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Silane grafted natural rubber and its compatibilization effect on silica-reinforced rubber tire compounds

Sengloyluan¹,

Sahakaro²,

Dierkes³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Natural Rubber (NR) grafted with 3-octanoylthio-1-propyltriethoxysilane (NXT) was prepared by melt mixing using 1,1′-di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane as initiator at 140°C with NXT contents of 10 and 20 parts per hundred rubber [phr] and initiator 0.1 phr. The silane grafted on NR molecules was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Based on 1 H-NMR, the use of 10 and 20 phr (parts per hundred resin) of silane resulted in grafted NXT onto NR of 0.66 and 1.32 mol%, respectively, or a grafting efficiency of approx.38%. The use of NXT-grafted NR as compatibilizer in silica-filled NR compounds, to give a total amount of NXT in both grafted and non-grafted forms in the range of 0.8-6.1 wt% relative to the silica, decreases the Mooney viscosity and Payne effect of the compounds, improves filler-rubber interaction, and significantly increases the tensile properties of the silica-filled NR-compounds compared to the non-compatibilized one. At the same silane-content, the use of silane-grafted NR gives slightly better properties than the straight use of the same silane. With sulfur compensation, the use of NXT-grafted-NR with about 6 wt% NXT relative to the silica gives technical properties that reach the levels obtained for straight use of bis-(3-triethoxysilyl-propyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT) at 8.6 wt% relative to the silica.

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Section: Sem Micrographsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Silane grafted natural rubber and its compatibilization effect on silica-reinforced rubber tire compounds

Sengloyluan¹,

Sahakaro²,

Dierkes³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…The trends of L values were similar to those of minimum torque (M L ) in Table 2. The minimum torque represents the filler-filler inter agglomeration [22], and the value is used to measure the relative viscosity of a rubber compound [23]. The lower the value, the lower the viscosity of the compound -which not only results in easier processability of filler dispersion, but also weakened the filler-filler interaction.…”

Section: Effects Of Alk On Filler Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of alkanolamide loading on properties of carbon black-filled natural rubber (SMR-L), epoxidised natural rubber (ENR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds

2015

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“…It is also evident that the minimum torque (M L ) decreased with increases in the ALK loading. It has been reported that M L corresponds to the filler-filler inter agglomeration [11] and is a measure of the stock viscosity [12]. The incorporation of ALK into the silica-filled NR compound reduced the viscosity of the compound and facilitated a relatively strong interaction between the ALK and the silica filler, while the silica particles had a weaker tendency to interact with each other and form a filler-filler agglomeration.…”

Section: Cure Characteristics and Crosslink Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkanolamide as an accelerator, filler-dispersant and a plasticizer in silica-filled natural rubber compounds

2013

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a b s t r a c tA feasibility study was carried out on the utilization of Alkanolamide (ALK) on silica reinforcement of natural rubber (NR) by using a semi-efficient cure system. The ALK was incorporated into the NR compound at 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 phr. An investigation was carried out to examine the effect of ALK on the cure characteristics and properties of NR compounds. It was found that ALK gave shorter scorch and cure times for silica-filled NR compounds. ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus, tensile strength, hardness and crosslink density of up to 5.0 phr of ALK loading, and then decreased with further increases of ALK loading. The resilience increased with increased ALK loading. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs proved that 5.0 phr of ALK in the silica-filled NR compound exhibited the greatest matrix tearing line and surface roughness due to higher reinforcement level of the silica, as well as better dispersion and cure enhancement.

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Cure characteristics, tensile properties and swelling behaviour of recycled rubber powder-filled natural rubber compounds

Cited by 100 publications

References 8 publications

Silane grafted natural rubber and its compatibilization effect on silica-reinforced rubber tire compounds

Silane grafted natural rubber and its compatibilization effect on silica-reinforced rubber tire compounds

The effect of alkanolamide loading on properties of carbon black-filled natural rubber (SMR-L), epoxidised natural rubber (ENR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds

Alkanolamide as an accelerator, filler-dispersant and a plasticizer in silica-filled natural rubber compounds

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