Cure characteristic and mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates with digested rice husk ash (RHA)

Ibrahim, Norazura; Shokri, Abdul Hadi Mohamad; Kamarun, Dzaraini; Mohd, Ahmad Faiza

doi:10.1063/1.5047188

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Only the exposed areas of rubber are impacted by deterioration when exposed to high temperatures-rubber aging faster. The incorporation of silica particles, which limits the mobility of the molecular rubber chains and increases material stiffness, can also be attributed to the decrease in tensile strength and elongation at break with age [18,27,28].…”

Section: Aging Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of silica filler quartz sand from tailing processing of mining material on mechanical properties, thermal aging and morphology rubber compound

Prasetya¹,

Marlina²,

Rahmaniar³

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Tailings as waste from mining material processing contain constituents that have the potential to be exploited economically. Tailings deposits derived from tin mines include quartz sand with a SiO2 content of 98.03%, which can function as a filler for rubber products. This research studied silica quartz sand as a mineral filler in natural rubber (NR) on rubber’s mechanical and thermal aging characteristics. The effect of reinforced filled in NR was observed by varying 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 phr of the filler. The thermal aging test is carried out at 70 °C and 100 °C for a storage period of 72 hours. SEM micrographs were used to examine morphology. The results showed that using silica quartz sand as a filler improved various properties, including tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, hardness, and abrasion resistance. The higher the grinding temperature, the higher the hardness and tensile strength, but the lower the elongation at break. Morphological analysis using SEM micrographs revealed the system’s strengths and weaknesses. The silica particles are homogeneously mixed with natural rubber, according to SEM analysis. According to the findings of this study, the silica of quartz sand from tin mining processing industrial waste can be used as a cost-effective alternative filler in NR compounding.

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Section: Aging Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of silica filler quartz sand from tailing processing of mining material on mechanical properties, thermal aging and morphology rubber compound

Prasetya¹,

Marlina²,

Rahmaniar³

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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show abstract

“…Hence, developing alternative fillers generated from by-products or waste material is necessary to reduce the environmental pollution and replacing the current commercial fillers. These alternative fillers include oil palm ash, 13,14 rice husk ash, 15,16 waste Aquilaria crassna wood, 17 coconut shells, 18,19 macadamia shells, 20 and fly ash (FA). [21][22][23][24] By-products are produced as waste in commercial industries or biological manufacturing, where waste is defined as inefficient materials and activities that do not add value to the product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, developing alternative fillers generated from by‐products or waste material is necessary to reduce the environmental pollution and replacing the current commercial fillers. These alternative fillers include oil palm ash, 13,14 rice husk ash, 15,16 waste Aquilaria crassna wood, 17 coconut shells, 18,19 macadamia shells, 20 and fly ash (FA) 21–24 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste material fly ash as an alternative filler for elastomers

Yangthong

Buaksuntear

Suethao

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Fly ash (FA), a by‐product of the power generation industry, can potentially be used as a filler in polymer products. Particularly, FA has been investigated as an alternative filler to partially or fully replace commercial fillers in polymer composites. This mini‐review discusses the fundamental properties of FA, environmental pollution from commercial fillers, and the performance of FA in polymers. The properties of FA‐loaded polymer composites are discussed, including the morphological, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties. This review highlights the potential methods and challenges for substituting, or replacing, commercial fillers in various polymers such as natural rubber (NR), epoxidized NR, epoxy, styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR), NR/SBR blends, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyester.

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“…Among these commercial fillers, carbon black is the most commonly used filler and the high cost of this petroleum-based material together with the quest for a sustainable environment has led to a search for low-cost and renewable material as fillers in the rubber processing industry. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of organic fillers, especially agricultural and industrial wastes, such as rice husk ash [7][8][9][10][11][12][13], almond shell [12], corn derivatives [14], coconut fiber [15][16][17][18][19], palm kernel husk [20], oil palm ash [21][22][23][24], eggshell powder [23][24][25][26][27][28], oil palm fiber [26], tomato peel [27], soy hulls [29][30][31], cocoa pod husk [32], neem seed [33], cereal straw [34] etc. as reinforcing agents in natural rubber processing due to their low cost and environmental friendliness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Thermodynamic Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Filled With Clay and Corn Cob

Arawande¹,

Orodepo²,

Osungbemiro³

2022

JCSN

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The mechanical properties of materials such as natural rubber composites determine their usefulness as engineering or biological materials. The thermodynamic properties of natural rubber composites filled with clay and corn cob at varying volume fraction of filler were studied with a view of relating and comparing thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) to mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, etc) of natural rubber composites. The rubber composites were prepared using a standard compounding recipe. The tension observed for each rubber composite as a result of changes in temperature was used in evaluating thermodynamic parameters via Arrhenius equation and plot. These properties have been evaluated by measuring the thermodynamic parameters of natural rubber composites compounded with varying percent volume fractions (5% - 25%) of two fillers- clay and corn cob. The results indicated that the maximum values of ΔG and ΔH was obtained for corn cob filled composites at 10% volume fraction, while the optimal values of ΔS for the same composites was found to be at 5% and 25% volume fraction. At lower filler concentration (5 – 17.5%), corn cob filled composites were observed to have higher modulus than clay filled rubber composites, while at these concentration ranges, clay was found to impact higher tensile strength to natural rubber than corn cob filler.

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Cure characteristic and mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates with digested rice husk ash (RHA)

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

The effect of silica filler quartz sand from tailing processing of mining material on mechanical properties, thermal aging and morphology rubber compound

The effect of silica filler quartz sand from tailing processing of mining material on mechanical properties, thermal aging and morphology rubber compound

Waste material fly ash as an alternative filler for elastomers

Studies on the Thermodynamic Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Filled With Clay and Corn Cob

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