Cumulative social risk exposure in childhood and smoking and excessive alcohol use in adulthood

Caleyachetty, Rishi; Khaw, Kay‐Tee; Surtees, Paul G.; Wainwright, Nicholas W.J.; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Griffin, Simon J.

doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckv243

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The focus of this approach is on how prevalent different combinations of adversities are and whether different combinations of adversities matter. Recent applications of these methods to ACEs research have found various ways of grouping ACEs or individuals (Caleyachetty et al, , ; Denholm, Power, Thomas, & Li, ; Green et al, ; Lanier et al, ; Westermair et al, ). For example, Ford et al () applied FA and found three groups of ACEs in the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ‐ Household dysfunction (e.g.…”

Section: How Are Aces Measured? Comparison Of Different Approaches Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practitioner Review: Twenty years of research with adverse childhood experience scores – Advantages, disadvantages and applications to practice

Lacey

Minnis

2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

258

220

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Background: Adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores have become a common approach for considering childhood adversities and are highly influential in public policy and clinical practice. Their use is also controversial. Other ways of measuring adversity -examining single adversities, or using theoretically or empirically driven methods -might have advantages over ACE scores. Methods: In this narrative review we critique the conceptualisation and measurement of ACEs in research, clinical practice, public health and public discourse. Results: The ACE score approach has the advantagesand limitationsof simplicity: its simplicity facilitates wide-ranging applications in public policy, public health and clinical settings but risks over-simplistic communication of risk/causality, determinism and stigma. The other common approachfocussing on single adversities -is also limited because adversities tend to co-occur. Researchers are using rapidly accruing datasets on ACEs to facilitate new theoretical and empirical approaches but this work is at an early stage, e.g. weighting ACEs and including severity, frequency, duration and timing. More research is needed to establish what should be included as an ACE, how individual ACEs should be weighted, how ACEs cluster, and the implications of these findings for clinical work and policy. New ways of conceptualising and measuring ACEs that incorporate this new knowledge, while maintaining some of the simplicity of the current ACE questionnaire, could be helpful for clinicians, practitioners, patients and the public. Conclusions: Although we welcome the current focus on ACEs, a more critical view of their conceptualisation, measurement, and application to practice settings is urgently needed. Researchers need to be clearer about their definitions of adversitywhat constitutes an adversity and what does not?Researchers should consider including additional ACEs other than the 10 frequently investigated ACEs from the Kaiser Permanente Study and justify these clearly.Researchers should explore the different ways in which ACEs tend to cluster cluster and, individually and together, predict outcomes Longitudinal studies are required, particularly those which are able to consider the co-occurrence, timing, frequency, duration and severity of ACEs, and which have high quality prospective ACEs data. Key practitioner messagesTwenty years of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) research has shown a graded relationship between the number of adversities (ACE score) and health and other outcomes in many different populations, with important implications about the potential impact of ACEs in clinical practice, public policy and public health initiatives.

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Section: How Are Aces Measured? Comparison Of Different Approaches Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practitioner Review: Twenty years of research with adverse childhood experience scores – Advantages, disadvantages and applications to practice

Lacey

Minnis

2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

258

220

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This may reflect that tobacco is one of the most common and easily available, legal psychoactive substances, often used in conjunction with alcohol. In addition, a family’s positive attitude towards smoking is often similar to the family’s positive attitude towards the use of alcohol [ 51 – 53 ]. Tobacco and alcohol use disorders may, in fact, be linked to similar genetic polymorphisms [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family alcohol use, rather than childhood trauma, is more likely to cause male alcohol use disorder: findings from a case-control study in northern China

Chen

Pan²,

et al. 2021

BMC Psychiatry

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Objective To explore the influence of childhood trauma and family alcohol use on male alcohol use disorder. Methods We conducted a case-control study using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and a structured interview involving 129 men with alcohol use disorder and 129 healthy male volunteers. The two groups were compared in terms of childhood trauma, parental drinking behavior, and attitudes toward childhood drinking. Results Patients showed higher scores of CTQ than controls on childhood trauma experiences, including on the subscales of physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect. Higher proportions of patients than controls had fathers who drank seven or more times a week, and had mothers who were opposed to childhood drinking. Conversely, a smaller proportion of patients than controls had fathers who opposed childhood drinking. Patients were more likely than controls to have been induced to drink as children. Logistic regression analysis identified three risk factors for alcohol use disorder: induced drinking during childhood [odds ratio (OR) 6.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.56–14.51], the father’s weekly alcohol consumption during the respondent’s childhood (OR 4.40, 95%CI 2.94–6.58) and history of smoking (OR 3.39, 95%CI 1.48–7.77). Conversely, more years of education were a protective factor against alcohol use disorder (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.99). Conclusions Men whose fathers drank frequently during their childhood and were encouraged to drink may be at increased risk of alcohol use disorder in adulthood. In fact these factors of family alcohol use appear to increase risk of alcohol use disorder among adult men more than exposure to childhood trauma does.

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“…In addition, social and material disadvantages experienced in early-life have been associated with poor health behaviors in adulthood, such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption (40–42), obesity (42–44), and poor overall mental and physical health (45). The role of early-life SES and cancer incidence, however, is surprisingly underdeveloped.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baby Boomers and Birth Certificates: Early-Life Socioeconomic Status and Cancer Risk in Adulthood

Stroup

Herget

Hanson

et al. 2017

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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BACKGROUND Early life socioeconomic status (SES) may play a role in cancer risk in adulthood. However, measuring SES retrospectively presents challenges. Parental occupation on the birth certificate is a novel method of ascertaining early-life SES that has not been applied in cancer epidemiology. METHODS For a Baby-Boom cohort born in 1945–1959 in two Utah counties, individual-level Nam-Powers SES (Np-SES) was derived from parental industry/occupation reported on birth certificates. Neighborhood SES was estimated from average household income of census tract at birth. Cancer incidence was determined by linkage to Utah Cancer Registry records through the Utah Population Database. Hazard ratios (HR) for cancer risk by SES quartile were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Females with low Np-SES at birth had lower risk of breast cancer compared to those in the highest Np-SES group (HRQ1/Q4=0.83 95% CI: 0.72–0.97; HRQ2/Q4=0.81 95% CI: 0.69–0.96). Np-SES was inversely associated with melanoma (HRQ1/Q4=0.81 95% CI: 0.67–0.98) and prostate cancer (HRQ1/Q4=0.70 95% CI: 0.56–0.88). Women born into lower SES neighborhoods had significantly increased risk for invasive cervical cancer (HRQ1/Q4=1.44 95% CI: 1.12–1.85; HRQ2/Q4=1.33 95% CI: 1.04–1.72). Neighborhood SES had similar effects for melanoma and prostate cancers, but was not associated with female breast cancer. We found no association with SES for pancreas, lung, and colon and rectal cancers. CONCLUSION Individual SES derived from parental occupation at birth was associated with altered risk for several cancer sites. IMPACT This novel methodology can contribute to improved understanding of the role of early-life SES in affecting cancer risk.

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Cumulative social risk exposure in childhood and smoking and excessive alcohol use in adulthood

Abstract: Further work is needed to understand if addressing cumulative risk exposure to maladaptive family functioning and parental separation experiences can reduce social inequalities in adult smoking and excessive alcohol intake.

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Practitioner Review: Twenty years of research with adverse childhood experience scores – Advantages, disadvantages and applications to practice

Practitioner Review: Twenty years of research with adverse childhood experience scores – Advantages, disadvantages and applications to practice

Family alcohol use, rather than childhood trauma, is more likely to cause male alcohol use disorder: findings from a case-control study in northern China

Baby Boomers and Birth Certificates: Early-Life Socioeconomic Status and Cancer Risk in Adulthood

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