Culture of impunity and safety of journalists: Is safe journalism a distant dream in Pakistan?

Abstract

Pakistan's journalists confront fatal safety risks in the line of their duty and are at the mercy of various types of pressure and extremist groups that threaten, kidnap and even murder them with almost total impunity. Despite the growing violence against journalists in Pakistan, there is a dearth of national academic studies that offer insights into threats to journalists' safety and the country's rampant culture of impunity. Therefore, using the system theory, this study explores Pakistan's issues of impunity and threats to journalists' safety in conflict and non-conflict situations. The study also analyses the country's laws for the protection of journalists' rights to freedom of expression, access to information, online and offline safety, fair trial and equal pay-scales. In addition, the study unpacks the journalists' lived experiences of safety risks in Pakistan and their perceptions regarding the country's culture of impunity. To achieve these objectives, this study uses the qualitative methods of document review and indepth interviews (face-to-face). Moreover, the study uses thematic analysis to analyse the gathered data.

Battling with infodemic and disinfodemic: the quandary of journalists to report on COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

“…For example, in the case of Pakistan, journalists are prone to legal risks due to the government's legal restrictions, despite constitutional protections to their right to freedom of expression and access to information(Jamil, 2019a(Jamil, , 2019b(Jamil, , 2017a. Such legal restrictions impact on the journalists' ability to access reliable information in the public interest.Legal regulations are used to obstruct journalists' access to information and free expression in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic (UNESCO, 2020a, 2020b).…”