Culture of Azolla and its efficacy in diet of Labeo rohita

Datta, Surjya Narayan

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.11.008

Cited by 41 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Azolla is of interest as a protein feed due to the high protein content of its biomass, which was reported to be between 200–400 g kg −1 of the dry weight (DW) . Azolla biomass was further reported to contain 79–160 g kg −1 lipids, which may contribute to the gross energy of whole Azolla feed, while also containing up to 50 g kg −1 (poly)phenolic compounds, of which condensed tannins in particular may decrease the digestibility of Azolla feed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO₂ concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition

et al. 2018

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BACKGROUNDSince available arable land is limited and nitrogen fertilizers pollute the environment, cropping systems ought to be developed that do not rely on them. Here we investigate the rapidly growing, N2‐fixing Azolla/Nostoc symbiosis for its potential productivity and chemical composition to determine its potential as protein feed.RESULTSIn a small production system, cultures of Azolla pinnata and Azolla filiculoides were continuously harvested for over 100 days, yielding an average productivity of 90.0–97.2 kg dry weight (DW) ha−1 d−1. Under ambient CO2 levels, N2 fixation by the fern's cyanobacterial symbionts accounted for all nitrogen in the biomass. Proteins made up 176–208 g kg−1 DW (4.9 × total nitrogen), depending on species and CO2 treatment, and contained more essential amino acids than protein from soybean. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (800 ppm) significantly boosted biomass production by 36–47%, without decreasing protein content. Choice of species and CO2 concentrations further affected the biomass content of lipids (79–100 g kg−1 DW) and (poly)phenols (21–69 g kg−1 DW).CONCLUSIONSBy continuous harvesting, high protein yields can be obtained from Azolla cultures, without the need for nitrogen fertilization. High levels of (poly)phenols likely contribute to limitations in the inclusion rate of Azolla in animal diets and need further investigation. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO₂ concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition

et al. 2018

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“…Azolla pinnata is a species of aquatic fern found in quiet and slow-moving water bodies round the year (Lumpkin and Puckett, 1982). Use of azolla as a fish feed ingredient is well documented (Dutta, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestibility of dry matter and nutrients from three ingredients by the carps, Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795) and Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 with a note on digestive enzyme activity

Barlaya

Umalatha²,

Ganesh³

et al. 2017

Indian J. Fish.

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This study was conducted in indoor, aerated plastic tubs to estimate the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients by the carps, Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795) and Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, from three feed ingredients viz., azolla, soybean meal and silkworm pupa incorporated at levels ranging from 0-40% in a diet comprising equal amounts of rice bran and groundnut oil cake using crude fibre as the marker. Activity of the major digestive enzymes was also estimated in the gut of fish at the end of the experimental trial. Utilisation of azolla protein was comparable with that of control diet up to 20% incorporation in both L. fimbriatus and common carp. Major nutrients from soybean were better utilised up to 40% incorporation by the two species. Protein digestibility from silkworm pupae increased at 20% incorporation and decreased at 40% in L. fimbriatus, while fat and nitrogen-free extract digestibility was higher at 20-40% incorporation. In common carp, higher digestibility of protein and fat was recorded at 10-30% inclusion levels of silkworm pupa.

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“…plants were proven to be able to synthesize N compounds and transform them into protein form even though the growing medium contain low level of N [15]. This means that the source of N to be used for N compounds synthesis is molecular nitrogen originating from atmosphere in the presence of nitrogenase process performed by A. azollae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Azolla Growth as Biofertilizer

Handajani¹

2013

MST

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Nitrogen is one of the most important minerals for living organisms. Azolla is known as a small water fern which can fix nitrogen through the symbiotic association with the blue green algae Anabaena. Experimental studies were carried out in the glass house, investigating the growth of Azolla using different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in the media. The experiment used 12 treatments with 3 levels of nitrogen (0, 5, and 10 mg atom/L) and 4 levels of phosphorus (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg atom/l) in a factorial design with 3 replicates. The results show that the highest biomass for fresh weight (13.28 g), dry weight (1,126 g), and the fastest doubling time (7.71 days) were found in combination of 10 mg atom/L N and 30 mg atom/L P. Meanwhile, the highest protein content was found in combination of 5 mg atom/L N and 20 mg atom/L P. After the third day heterocyst cells in Anabaena could only be found in those two combinations, but the highest heterocyst cells was found in the lower N and P combination similar to the highest protein content. Further experiment is suggested to introduce Azolla as bio-fertilizer for acid water system, such as peat land water.

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Culture of Azolla and its efficacy in diet of Labeo rohita

Cited by 41 publications

References 6 publications

Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO₂ concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition

Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO₂ concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition

Digestibility of dry matter and nutrients from three ingredients by the carps, Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795) and Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 with a note on digestive enzyme activity

Optimation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Azolla Growth as Biofertilizer

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Culture of Azolla and its efficacy in diet of Labeo rohita

Cited by 41 publications

References 6 publications

Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO2 concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition

Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO2 concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition

Digestibility of dry matter and nutrients from three ingredients by the carps, Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795) and Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 with a note on digestive enzyme activity

Optimation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Azolla Growth as Biofertilizer

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Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO₂ concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition

Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO₂ concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition