Cultural similarities and differences in medical professionalism: a multi‐region study

Chandratilake, Madawa; McAleer, Sean; Gibson, John

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04153.x

Cited by 132 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The use of more mature applicants may lead to different results for scoring methods that use the group of respondents itself as a reference. Secondly, the cultural context may influence the way the reference group judges integrity-related dilemmas (Chandratilake et al 2012;Jha et al 2015). Finally, SJTs measuring other constructs than integrity might be differentially influenced by changing the scoring method.…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little is known about the cultural susceptibility of integrity. However, medical professionalism has been found to depend on cultural context (Chandratilake et al 2012;Jha et al 2015) and since integrity is an important aspect of medical professionalism, it too might depend on cultural context (Arnold and Stern 2006). A reference group that is more representative of the demographic characteristics of the applicant group may lead to a more accurate measurement of the targeted construct and may therefore result in equal or less adverse impact.…”

Section: Adverse Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scoring method of a Situational Judgment Test: influence on internal consistency reliability, adverse impact and correlation with personality?

Leng

Stegers‐Jager

Husbands

et al. 2016

Adv in Health Sci Educ

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Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) are increasingly used for medical school selection. Scoring an SJT is more complicated than scoring a knowledge test, because there are no objectively correct answers. The scoring method of an SJT may influence the construct and concurrent validity and the adverse impact with respect to non-traditional students. Previous research has compared only a small number of scoring methods and has not studied the effect of scoring method on internal consistency reliability. This study compared 28 different scoring methods for a rating SJT on internal consistency reliability, adverse impact and correlation with personality. The scoring methods varied on four aspects: the way of controlling for systematic error, and the type of reference group, distance and central tendency statistic. All scoring methods were applied to a previously validated integrity-based SJT, administered to 931 medical school applicants. Internal consistency reliability varied between .33 and .73, which is likely explained by the dependence of coefficient alpha on the total score variance. All scoring methods led to significantly higher scores for the ethnic majority than for the non-Western minorities, with effect sizes ranging from 0.48 to 0.66. Eighteen scoring methods showed a significant small positive correlation with agreeableness. Four scoring methods showed a significant small positive correlation with conscientiousness. The way of controlling for systematic error was the most influential scoring method aspect. These results suggest that the increased use of SJTs for selection into medical school must be accompanied by a thorough examination of the scoring method to be used.

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Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adverse Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scoring method of a Situational Judgment Test: influence on internal consistency reliability, adverse impact and correlation with personality?

Leng

Stegers‐Jager

Husbands

et al. 2016

Adv in Health Sci Educ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are few comparative studies reporting differences in the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to professionalism based on regional and socio-cultural variations. 15 A number of studies have discussed cultural nuances in individual nations. For example, Alkabba and colleagues 16 reported the challenge of accepting confidentiality and informed consent as major components of professionalism in Saudi Arabia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Religion and Medical Professionalism: Moving Beyond Social and Cultural Nuances

Jha

Amy

2016

Journal of Graduate Medical Education

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“…This finding could respond to intrinsic differences in the concept of professionalism between U.S. and Colombian culture, and the value assigned to each variable in each factor. In a multi-regional study, Chandratilake, et al (14), identified differences in some items related to professionalism that could be explained by cultural, educative, geographical and health system variables. Table 1 shows that the original order defined by the instrument and built by consensus was not followed in the actual assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptación de la escala de Penn State College al idioma español para medición de profesionalismo en estudiantes de medicina

Sanábria

Bustamante

2014

biomedica

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Introduction:Professionalism is a subject of interest in medical schools around the world. The use of a questionnaire could be useful to assess professionalism in Colombia. Objective: To adapt The Penn State University College of Medicine Professionalism Questionnaire as a culturally valid instrument in the Spanish language. Materials and methods: We followed recommendations from the IQOLA project and used forward and back translation with four independent translations, as well as a pilot evaluation and an evaluation of psychometric features with 250 students. We evaluated item-scale correlations and internal consistency with Chronbach´s alpha test and conducted a principal components factor analysis. Results: Global Cronbach´s alpha was 0.86, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.83, and Bartlett's test of sphericity had a p>0.00001. We found six factors that explained 93% of the total variance and four new factors emerged in the factor analysis, while eight items had high uniqueness. Conclusion:The Penn State University College of Medicine Scale measures professionalism attitudes in medical students with good reliability. However, the structure of the scale demonstrated differences when used in the Latin American medical student population.Keywords: Ethics, professional; professional competence, validation studies, translations, leadership doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v34i2.1807Adaptación al idioma español de la escala del Penn State College of Medicine para medición del profesionalismo en estudiantes de medicina Introducción. El profesionalismo es un área de interés en las facultades de medicina del mundo. El uso de un cuestionario puede ser útil para evaluar el profesionalismo en Colombia. Objetivo. Adaptar la escala de profesionalismo para estudiantes de medicina del Penn State University College of Medicine al idioma español como instrumento válido para evaluarlo. Materiales y métodos. Se siguieron las guías para adaptación de instrumentos del proyecto IQOLA, realizando traducción y traducción inversa, así como una prueba piloto y una evaluación de las características psicométricas en 250 estudiantes. Se evaluó la correlación entre ítems y escala y la validez interna con el alfa de Chronbach y se hizo un análisis factorial de componentes principales. Resultados. El alfa de Cronbach global fue de 0,86, la medida de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin fue de 0,83 y el test de esfericidad de Bartlett tuvo un valor de p>0,00001. Se encontraron seis factores que explicaron 93 % de la varianza total y cuatro nuevos factores que emergieron del análisis factorial. Ocho ítems tuvieron alta singularidad. Conclusión. La escala del Penn State University College of Medicine mide con buen nivel de confiabilidad las actitudes hacia el profesionalismo en los estudiantes de medicina. No obstante, la estructura de la escala mostró diferencias al ser validada en estudiantes latinoamericanos. Well-rounded development of university students is a primary factor in achieving citizenship and successful professional...

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Cultural similarities and differences in medical professionalism: a multi‐region study

Cited by 132 publications

References 41 publications

Scoring method of a Situational Judgment Test: influence on internal consistency reliability, adverse impact and correlation with personality?

Scoring method of a Situational Judgment Test: influence on internal consistency reliability, adverse impact and correlation with personality?

Religion and Medical Professionalism: Moving Beyond Social and Cultural Nuances

Adaptación de la escala de Penn State College al idioma español para medición de profesionalismo en estudiantes de medicina

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