Cultural Care of Older Greek Canadian Widows within Leininger's Theory of Culture Care

Abstract

Cultural care themes were abstracted from a large scale study of older Greek Canadian widows conceptualized within Leininger's theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality. Ethnonursing, ethnographic, and life health-care history methods were used. Data were collected using observation-participation and interviews in three Greek Canadian communities with 12 widowed key informants and 30 general informants. Enabling tools used were interview inquiry guides, Leininger's Life History Health Care Protocol, Leininger's Acculturation Rating and Profile Scale of Traditional and Non-Traditional Lifeways, and field journal recordings. Data were analyzed using Leininger's phases of analysis for qualitative data. The two major cultural care themes which were abstracted from the raw data and patterns were: (1) Cultural care for Greek Canadian widows meant responsibility for, reciprocation, concern, love, companionship, family protection, hospitality, and helping, primarily derived from their kinship, religious, and cultural beliefs, and values, and (2) Cultural care continuity diminished the spousal care void and contributed to the health of Greek Canadian widows. These findings will stimulate future nursing research related to cultural care of diverse populations and guide nursing practice to provide culturally congruent care which will assist widows to reduce their spousal care void. The author thanks Dr. Madeleine Leininger, Dr. Judith Floyd, Dr. Marjorie Isenberg, and Dr. Bernice Kaplan for their guidance in completing the large scale study on which this article is based.

Hospitality: A Call for Dialogue

“…Of note, however, is that several articles refer to hospitality as a quality of welcoming (Vandenbulcke, 1999), a source of well-being (Manteigas, 2000), and a philosophy of caring (Cadore, 2001). A few other sources emphasize the importance of hospitality in cultural care (Rosenbaum, 1990;Younge, Moreau, Ezzat, & Gray, 1997), and nursing management (Patten, 1994).…”

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“…Chang & Horrocks 2006 Luna, 1989;Morgan, 1996;Wenger, 1995;Berr y, 1999;Corbett, 1999;Lundberg, 1999;Nahas & Amashen, 1999;Zucha & Husted, 2000;Wittig, 2001 Hubbert;2005Morgan, 1992 ３) 違いを理解して受容する culturally congruent care Luna, 1989;Rosenbarm, 1990;Chmielarczyk, 1991;Morgan, 1992;Larson-Presswalla, 1994;Morgan, 1996;Lundberg, 1999;Nahas & Amashen, 1999;Good, et.al, 2000;Reeves, 2001Morgan, 1992Berry, 1999;Corbett, 1999;Nahas & Amashen, 1999;George, 2002 1989; Rosenbaum, 1990;Chmielarczyk, 1991;Fin, 1994;Larson-Presswalla, 1994;Berry, 1999;Lundberg, 1999;Nahas & Amashen, 1999;George, 2000;Reeves, 2001;Wittig, 2001;Hubbert, 2005 culturally congruent care Luna, 1989;Chmielarczyk, 1991;Lundberg, 1991;Berry, 1999;George, 2001;Fin, 1994;Larson-Presswalla, 1994;…”

“…culturally , MEDLINE (1966MEDLINE ( -2006, PsycINFO (1806-2006), Web (1983-2006 culturally Luna, 1989;Chmielarczyk, 1991;Rosenbaum, 1990;Finn, 1994;Larson-Presswalla, 1994;Lundberg, 1999;Nahas & Amasheh, 1999;Geroge, 2000;Raines & Morgan, 2000;Zucha & Husted, 2000;Wittig, 2001;George, 2002;Hubbert, 2005 Leininger cultural congruent (nursing) care Leininger, 1992Leininger, , 1995Leininger, 1996;1997;2 Morgan, 1992Jeffreys, 2002 1 1 1989; Rosenbaum, 1990;Chmielarczyk, 1991;Morgan, 1992;Fin, 1994;Larson-Presswalla, 1994;Mario, 1995;Wenger, 1995;Morgan, 1996;Berry, 1999;Corbett, 1999;Lundberg, 1999;Nahas & Amshen, 1999;George, 2000;Good, et.al, 2000;Zucha & Husted, 2000;Reeves, 2001;Wittig, 2001;George, 2002;Hilgenberg & Schlickau, 2002;…”

Transcultural Nursing Research to Transform Nursing Education and practice: 40 Years

“…Grandparents were well respected and cared for in the Amish culture. Rosenbaum's (1990) transcultural nursing study of Greek-Canadian widows with culture care theory revealed that the dominant care meanings and action modes were: (a) being responsible for one's husband after death by providing continuity of care for him at the grave site; (b) showing active family protection for and concern about others and; (c) demonstrating that caring means helping others in need and in daily life activities (Rosenbaum, 1990). A widow's spiritual belief in presence after her husband's death required comfort care, which was expected to be fostered by nurses.…”