Cultura dos povos originários da floresta amazônica na gestação e no puerpério: uma revisão de escopo sob o ponto de vista da segurança alimentar e nutricional

Abstract

RESUMO A desnutrição na população indígena é um problema de saúde pública atual e uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade das crianças desses grupos no Brasil. Para subsidiar ações de promoção da educação alimentar e nutricional, abrangendo povos da floresta do estado do Amazonas, Brasil, cujo território faz fronteira com a Colômbia, além da visita de campo em 2018, fez-se necessário, concomitantemente, mapear na literatura como essa população vive e de que maneira o cuidado é prestado. A revisão de escopo buscou tópicos referentes ao modo de vida das mulheres e crianças na Amazônia, à dieta durante o período gestacional e do puerpério, a práticas de aleitamento, à introdução de alimentos sólidos ao bebê e aos cuidados dos serviços de saúde. Como resultado, foram recuperados 21 estudos multidisciplinares. Encontrou-se que a comida tradicional tem valor nutricional maior do que a industrializada, a culinária local é uma fonte de renda das mulheres indígenas no meio urbano e um elo entre etnias. Conclui-se que as pesquisas devem incorporar o paradigma da promoção da saúde e abranger temas como a aculturação indígena nos centros urbanos amazônicos, a chegada da internet nas aldeias e o papel do cuidado à distância, que necessitam ser investigados para melhor enfrentamento do problema.PALAVRAS-CHAVE Saúde de populações indígenas. Saúde da mulher. Saúde da criança. Segurança alimentar e nutricional. Telessaúde.ABSTRACT Malnutrition in the indigenous population is a current public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality of children in these groups in Brazil. In order to support actions to promote food and nutrition education, including forest peoples from the state of Amazonas, Brazil, whose territory borders Colombia, in addition to the field visit in 2018, it was necessary, at the same time, to map the literature as this one. Population lives and how care is provided. The scope review sought topics related to the lifestyle of women and children in the Amazon, diet during pregnancy and the postpartum period, breastfeeding practices, the introduction of solid foods to the baby, and the care of health services. As a result, 21 multidisciplinary studies were retrieved. Traditional food has been found to have higher nutritional value than industrialized food, and local cuisine is a source of income for indigenous women in the urban environment and a link between ethnicities. It is concluded that the researches should incorporate the health promotion paradigm and cover themes such as indigenous acculturation in the Amazonian urban centers, the arrival of the internet in the villages and the role of distance care, which needs to be investigated to better address the problem.KEYWORDS Health of indigenous peoples. Women's health. Child health. Food and nutrition security. Telemedicine. REVISÃO | REVIEWEste é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições, desde que o trabalho or...

Prevalence and factors associated with mercury exposure in riverside communities in the Brazilian Western Amazon

“…The traditional subsistence populations of the Amazon region are described as a unique profile of human mercury exposure, due to high fish consumption (406 g/day) (12) . Despite changes in the economic development of riverside communities (22) , with the implementation of government programs such as Bolsa Família (23) , fish is still the main source of protein for families and the main means of exposure to MeHg for riverside residents (7) . The results indicate that consuming fish more than twice a week is associated ( a OR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.56-2.16) with greater mercury exposure in riverside communities in the Amazon region (14,24) .…”

SIG Tel@ Amazônia: promoting dialogue between specialists and primary care professionals in maternal and child health/ SIG Tel@ Amazônia: promovendo a interlocução entre especialistas e profissionais de Atenção Básica na saúde materno-infantil

“…The field visits and the scoping review (phases 1, 2) confirmed that the indigenous peoples had access to the Internet and smartphones, the health teams rarely used the state telehealth network, the prenatal care was precarious, and exclusive breastfeeding was reduced and strongly influenced by the subsistence of women and their family (Silva 2019). We considered these results in constructing the list of subjects to be addressed when working with the local health professionals during the telehealth sessions.…”

“…The current health system is rigid and rooted in Western medicine; it has failed to conceive of a more respectful alternative to approach intercultural health and comprehensive care for indigenous peoples in a way that would value, respect and recognize their traditional knowledge and human rights (Cárdenas et al, 2017;Sartori and Leivas 2017). This fact highlights the importance of culturally appropriate healthcare, guaranteeing efficacy and respect for customs in pursuit of a common goal, improving the indigenous population's quality of life, and emphasizes that their cultural values including the feeding of indigenous infants, have been threatened (Silva et al 2019).…”

Saúde Indígena No Contexto Da Amazônia Legal: Revisão Integrativa

“…However, the occurrence of diarrhea may be related to the lack of cleanliness during the preparation of the food, one of the hypotheses that contribute to the occurrence of infection in the indigenous children in this survey due to the unhealthy conditions of some communities. 24 It is estimated that the statistical data on morbidities affecting the health of small indians in Colombia met the characteristics of the Brazilian peoples, reporting that illiteracy is an indicator for the occurrence of malnutrition, anemia and parasitosis; therefore, they are frequent cases and demonstrate an increase in these notifications in distinct ethnic groups. 25 It was found that the prevalence of the dental decay issue indicates a concern with the oral health of those native peoples.…”