Cultivation of Chlorella sp. with livestock waste compost for lipid production

Zhu, Linna; Li, Z.-H.; Guo, Dabin; Huang, Fei; Nugroho, Yohanes Kristianto; Xia, Kang

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.094

Cited by 72 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…According Zhu et al [ 10 ], 100–150 mg freeze-dried algal samples were weighed and extracted with 2 mL methanol containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in a water bath shaker at 45 °C for 45 min. The mixture was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the lipid contents of most microalgal species have been known to be 20–40% of dried weight, and some species might contain the lipids up to 60% or even more under some specific cultivation conditions [ 8 ]. Other advantages of microalgae as a biofuel feedstock lie in the noncompetition with food for farmland, ability to be grown with wastewater and waste CO 2 , and so forth [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris biomass harvesting by natural flocculant: effects on biomass sedimentation, spent medium recycling and lipid extraction

Zhu

Hiltunen

2018

Biotechnol Biofuels

145

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BackgroundMicroalgal biomass harvesting using traditional chemicals is costly for the production of biofuels, hindering the scale-up process of the technology. Thus, the search for a cost-effective microalgal harvesting method is extremely important. Using chitosan as a natural flocculant to harvest microalgal biomass seems to be an efficient and convenient solution. Although microalgal biomass flocculation by chitosan has been reported in some previous studies, literature on the harvesting of microalgae C. vulgaris biomass using such polymer is scanty. In addition, there is limited information available on whether the usage of chitosan during the harvesting will affect downstream lipid extraction. Still, whether microalgae can be re-grown with the spent medium after chitosan flocculation is still unknown.ResultsIn this study, microalgal biomass harvesting using chitosan as a natural flocculant and aluminum sulfate as a traditional flocculant was compared and evaluated. Optimal doses and effects on biomass sedimentation, spent medium recycling and lipid extraction were investigated. The results showed that the optimal doses for chitosan and aluminum sulfate to achieve more than 90% biomass recovery were 0.25 and 2.5 g/L, respectively. The sedimentation time of 10 min was found to be the most appropriate to remove over 90% biomass from culture. The spent medium after chitosan flocculation could be potentially recycled for the re-cultivation of microalgae, which demonstrated robust growth in comparison with those grown in the recycled medium from aluminum sulfate flocculation. The lipid content of microalgae harvested by chitosan reached 32.9, 4.6% higher than that of those harvested by aluminum sulfate, indicating that the application of the natural flocculant would not impact the downstream extraction of microalgal lipids.ConclusionThe results herein presented, demonstrated that chitosan is applicable for microalgal harvesting during the upscaling process. Flocculation method developed by using chitosan as a natural flocculant is a worthy microalgal harvesting method for microalgae-based biofuel production. There is hope that chitosan can be reasonably and technically realistically applied in a full-scale process for the harvesting of microalgal biomass.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris biomass harvesting by natural flocculant: effects on biomass sedimentation, spent medium recycling and lipid extraction

Zhu

Hiltunen

2018

Biotechnol Biofuels

145

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“…ZTY4 (Zhang, Wu, et al, 2013), C. protothecoides Chen et al, 2019;Cheng, Ren, et al, 2013;, and Chlorella vulgaris (Liu et al, (Luo et al, 2019;Ren et al, 2014a), Chlorella pyrenoidosa , Coccomyxa subellipsoidea (Wang et al, 2019), Chlorella sp. (Zhu et al, 2017), Chlorella sp. C2 (Chen et al, 2016), C. pyrenoidosa (Tan, Meng, et al, 2020), Chlorella zofingiensis (Zhou et al, 2018), and Chlorella kessleri (Deng et al, 2019)…”

Section: Biomass Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…grew rapidly under these conditions, yielding a biomass of 4.65 g/L and lipid productivity of 81.90 mg L −1 day −1 (Luo et al, 2019). Zhu et al (2017) cultivated Chlorella sp. using livestock waste compost as an alternative nutrient source and established that livestock waste compost medium provided an ideal nutrient concentration for Chlorella sp.…”

Section: Mixotrophic Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgal biofuels in China: The past, progress and prospects

Chen

Wang²,

Wang

2020

GCB Bioenergy

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The increasing demand for fossil fuels and the climate change caused by burning those fuels have become serious global problems. Worldwide, countries have begun to implement energy strategies that include the development of renewable energy sources (Chen, Hu, et al., 2015; Chen, Qiu, et al., 2015). As the only energy source that can be used directly to produce fuels for transportation, biofuels are favored among the renewable energy sources available (e.g., biomass, solar, wind, geothermal, and tidal energy). In particular, microalgae represent a promising feedstock for biofuel production (Chen, Hu, et al., 2015; Chen, Qiu, et al., 2015). Photosynthesis of higher plants and microalgae plays critical roles in important physiological processes, such as lipids, sugars, and proteins biosynthesis (Ouyang et al., 2020; Zheng, Xue, Chen, He, & Wang, 2020). Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms that are used as sources of carbohydrates, pigments, food supplements, fertilizers, and biofuels (Fierro, Sánchez-Saavedra, & Copalcúa, 2008; Hemaiswarya, Raja, Kumar, Ganesan, & Anbazhagan, 2011). Due to their widespread availability and higher oil yields than conventional terrestrial plants (Lv, Cheng, Xu, Zhang, & Chen, 2010), microalgae have been investigated as a feedstock for biodiesel production since the 1970s (Zhan, Rong, & Wang, 2017). Microalgae grow more rapidly than plants and can be grown in non-arable lands

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“…Biofuels have been receiving an increasing interest in efforts to seek for sustainable development. The development of first and second generation biofuels from either food crops (e.g., wheat, corn, and soybean) or nonfood biomass (e.g., wood, grass, and other lignocellulosic materials) is not sustainable, mainly due to the consideration of fuel versus food issues . Microalgae presents as one of the most promising biofuel feedstocks, and microalgal biofuels are recognized as third generation biofuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical assessment of biomethane production from algal residues after biodiesel production

Zhu

Hiltunen

2017

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Energy shortage, global warming, and climate changes call for the creation and breakthroughs of renewable and sustainable energy technologies, and thus biofuels from microalgae have been the object of ever-increasing interest. Microalgal biodiesel production presents as one of the promising options for biofuel production, since most microalgal species contain rich lipids. However, large amounts of residues are left behind after microalgal biodiesel production. In an effort to improve the potential economics of microalgal biofuels, it is essential to make full use of microalgal post-extracts. This Focus Article determines the theoretical yields of microalgal biodiesel and biomethane together with the relevant calorific values during the continuous production. Based on the investigated species, the microalgal biodiesel and biomethane yields widely range from 6 to 134 g/kg-VS and from 0.24 to 0.63 L/g-VS, respectively, while the total calorific values experience the range of between 6.88 and 18.80 MJ/kg-VS. Microalgal biodiesel production is not always required before anaerobic digestion, especially for those microalgal species with low lipid contents. Net energy ratio and cost-effectiveness analysis are highlighted in order to evaluate the viability of the biorefinery process. Wellfunded research and development programs can help develop technologies and policies, thus driving the industry toward prosperity.

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Cultivation of Chlorella sp. with livestock waste compost for lipid production

Cited by 72 publications

References 23 publications

Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris biomass harvesting by natural flocculant: effects on biomass sedimentation, spent medium recycling and lipid extraction

Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris biomass harvesting by natural flocculant: effects on biomass sedimentation, spent medium recycling and lipid extraction

Microalgal biofuels in China: The past, progress and prospects

Theoretical assessment of biomethane production from algal residues after biodiesel production

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