Cultivation of Anabena variabilis, Synechococcus elongatus, Spirulina platensis for the production of C-Phycocyanin, C-Phycoerythrin and Thalassiosira, Skeletonema, Chaetoceros for fucoxanthin

Abstract

The pigments are vital parts of photosynthetic machinery in algae and exhibit a myriad of applications as nutraceuticals, cosmetics, colorants, which find huge applications in many industires, including the paint industry and paper industry. The antimicrobial, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer potential of microalgal pigments contribute towards their varied industrial applications. In this study, pigments (Fucoxanthin, C-phycocyanin, and C-phycoerythrin), extracted from microalgae were investigated to check the antimicrobial efficacy using agar well diffusion and disc diffusion methods against pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The fucoxanthin pigment isolated from diatom Thalassiosira sp. exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (17 ± 1.53 mm) and in contrast fucoxanthin pigment isolated from Chaetoceroes sp. exhibited the highest bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli (18 ± 1). The pigment extract of Spirulina plantesis showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli (41 ± 0.3) and S. elongatus also exhibited high antibacterial activity against E. coli (32 ± 0.5) while Anabaena variabilis showed the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (34 ± 0.5). The potential of microalgal pigments is highly valuable and further extensive studies can elaborate the underlying mechanisms.

Development of an efficient process to extract C‐phycocyanin from marine cyanobacterial strains and evaluation of its bioactive potential

“…Additionally, phycocyanin extracted from Anabaena oryzae SOS13 showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria B. cereus , S. aureus , E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae using the agar well‐diffusion method 29 . The antimicrobial properties exhibited by bioactive compounds and pigments may be attributed to their ability to induce cytoplasmic leakage, enhance outer membrane permeability and inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acids in pathogenic bacteria 30,31 . The antimicrobial activity of purified C‐PC is lower than that of crude extracts, which might be due to the presence of various other pigments and proteins in crude extracts that can contribute to the antimicrobial effects.…”

Engineering microalgae as the next-generation food

“…These pigments show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A study suggests that pigments extracted from different microalgae show antimicrobial activity against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus [60].…”

Effects of temperature on the growth, total lipid content and fatty acid composition of Skeletonema dohrnii

“…These compounds have been associated with protective effects against cardiovascular disease, the promotion of healthy vision, and assistance in the prevention of psychiatric disorders (Yi et al, 2017;Marella and Tiwari, 2020). The presence of PUFAs, particularly EPA, renders diatoms a valuable source of nutrition for marine mussels, crustacean larvae, and fish larvae (Reitan et al, 1997;Renaud et al, 2002;Mishra and Tiwari, 2021). Not only can this synthesis effectively reduce production costs (Valenzuela-Espinoza et al, 1999), but the cultivation of marine diatoms for the replacement of fishmeal and fish oil made from harvesting of wild-caught fish, promote ecological sustainability (Sarker, 2023).…”