Cultivar-specific avirulence and virulence functions assigned to avrPphF in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, the cause of bean halo-blight disease

Tsiamis, George; Mansfıeld, John W.; Hockenhull, R; Jackson, Robert W.; Sesma, Ane; Athanassopoulos, Evangelos; Bennett, Mark A.; Stevens, Conrad; Vivian, Alan; Taylor, John D.; Murillo, Jesús

doi:10.1093/emboj/19.13.3204

Cited by 208 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…For example, in P. syringae pv. phaseolicola, the AvrPphC effector suppresses ETI triggered by the AvrPphF effector in some cultivars of bean, whereas, as its name implies, AvrPphC itself can condition avirulence on different bean cultivars 88 . Other cases of bacterial effectors acting to dampen or inhibit ETI have been observed 38 .…”

Section: Pathogens Dodge Host Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

The plant immune system

Jones

Dangl

2006

Nature

10,600

9,959

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Many plant-associated microbes are pathogens that impair plant growth and reproduction. Plants respond to infection using a two-branched innate immune system. The first branch recognizes and responds to molecules common to many classes of microbes, including non-pathogens. The second responds to pathogen virulence factors, either directly or through their effects on host targets. These plant immune systems, and the pathogen molecules to which they respond, provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms. A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production.

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Section: Pathogens Dodge Host Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

The plant immune system

Jones

Dangl

2006

Nature

10,600

9,959

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“…Active suppression of host defenses is also well known for animal bacterial pathogens (26). In plant bacterial pathogens, the avrRpt2, avrRpm1, virPphA, and avrPphF genes contribute to virulence, apparently by suppressing host defense (27)(28)(29)(30). However, their host targets remain to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of the Arabidopsis nonhost resistance gene NHO1 with bacterial virulence

Zhao

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

128

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It is poorly understood why a particular plant species is resistant to the vast majority of potential pathogens that infect other plant species, a phenomenon referred to as ''nonhost'' resistance. Here, we show that Arabidopsis NHO1, encoding a glycerol kinase, is required for resistance to and induced by Pseudomonas syringae isolates from bean and tobacco. NHO1 is also required for resistance to the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, indicating that NHO1 is not limited to bacterial resistance. Strikingly, P. s. pv. tomato DC3000, an isolate fully virulent on Arabidopsis, actively suppressed the NHO1 expression. This suppression is abolished in coi1 plants, indicating that DC3000 required an intact jasmonic acid signaling pathway in the plant to suppress NHO1 expression. Constitutive overexpression of NHO1 led to enhanced resistance to this otherwise virulent bacterium. The presence of avrB in DC3000, which activates a cultivar-specific ''gene-for-gene'' resistance in Arabidopsis, restored the induction of NHO1 expression. Thus, NHO1 is deployed for both general and specific resistance in Arabidopsis and targeted by the bacterium for parasitism.glycerol ͉ lipids ͉ parasitism ͉ JA ͉ Pseudomonas

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“…3). Indeed, at least nine effectors have been described that enable a pathogen to suppress or evade HR-based PCD 21,26,27,[90][91][92][93][94] .…”

Section: Bacterial Suppression Of Hr-based Pcdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial elicitation and evasion of plant innate immunity

Abramovitch

Anderson

Martin

2006

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol

373

285

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Recent research on plant responses to bacterial attack has identified extracellular and intracellular host receptors that recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns and more specialized virulence proteins, respectively. These findings have shed light on our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which bacteria elicit host defences and how pathogens have evolved to evade or suppress these defences.Plants are a rich source of nutrients and water for microbes, and they are infected by many bacterial pathogens from both the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla (Supplementary information 1 (table)). Because of their broad host range, serious economic consequences and experimental tractability, the most intensively studied bacteria are members of the Proteobacteria phylum (such as Agrobacterium, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia and Xanthomonas) [1][2][3][4] . These pathogens are spread by wind, rain, insects or cultivation practices. They enter plant tissues either by wounds or through natural openings such as lenticels, hydathodes or stomata 5 , and they occupy the inter cellular spaces (apoplast) of various plant tissues or the xylem.Plant-pathogenic members of the Proteobacteria cause diverse disease symptoms, including specks, spots, blights, wilts, galls and cankers, and they can cause host-cell death in roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, stems and tubers (FIG. 1). These symptoms affect both yield and quality of agricultural crops and bacterial diseases can have serious economic, social and even political consequences [6][7][8] . Control of bacterial diseases is only partially effective and consists of copper-based sprays, antibiotics, biocontrol strategies, large-scale removal of infected plants and, most importantly, host genetic resistance 5 . Therefore, research on bacterial diseases of plants helps to elucidate fundamental aspects of microbial pathogenesis and associated host responses and also to develop more effective and sustainable disease-control methods.Correspondence to G.B.M. gbm7@cornell.edu. Competing interests statementThe authors declare no competing financial interests. DATABASES NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPlant-pathogenic bacteria use virulence strategies that are either specialized to plant tissues or are broadly conserved among pathogens of both plants and animals (FIG. 1). Bacterial virulence is manifested as increases in the rate of growth or final population size, as well as by enhanced disease symptoms, which promote the spread of the pathogen through the plant or the broader environment.Unlike mammals, plants have a complex cell wall that bacteria must surmount to gain access to water and nutrients. Bacteria attack this barrier with extracellular virulence factors, such as cell wall degrading enzymes, and bypass it by the secretion of cell wall-permeable toxins 5 . However, perhaps the most effective virulence strategy, and one shared with animal bacterial pathogens, is to breach the wall by use of the type III s...

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Cultivar-specific avirulence and virulence functions assigned to avrPphF in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, the cause of bean halo-blight disease

Cited by 208 publications

References 59 publications

The plant immune system

The plant immune system

Interplay of the Arabidopsis nonhost resistance gene NHO1 with bacterial virulence

Bacterial elicitation and evasion of plant innate immunity

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