CuInSe 2 semiconductor formation by laser annealing

Meadows, Helen; Regesch, David; Thevenin, Maxime; Sendler, Jan; Schuler, Thomas M.; Misra, Sudhajit; Simonds, Brian J.; Scarpulla, Michael A.; Gerliz, V.; Gütay, Levent; Guillot, Jérôme; Dale, Phillip J.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2014.10.042

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Optoelectronic improvements, including the first laser-annealed working solar cells, were made by maintaining high selenium overpressure. 3,5,7,8 While the work is far from completed, our results have begun to illuminate the possibilities and limitations in terms of process windows and phenomena for area annealing of CIGSe and CdTe TFPVs. The rise of multi-kilowatt-class direct-diode and fibercoupled lasers will undoubtedly usher in new opportunities for annealing large areas with good lateral uniformity and short process times.…”

Section: 1117/21201609006368 Page 2/3mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In this article, we review some general principles and results from our collaborative work. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] For timescales longer than 1ns, heat will flow through the entire thin-film stack, but it may take 100s or more to establish a steady-state 1D temperature profile through a glass substrate. At <1ns timescales, light absorption and thus annealing can be targeted within a thin-film stack.…”

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Laser annealing in thin-film chalcogenide photovoltaics

Scarpulla¹,

Misra²

2016

SPIE Newsroom

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Section: 1117/21201609006368 Page 2/3mentioning

confidence: 95%

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confidence: 99%

Laser annealing in thin-film chalcogenide photovoltaics

Scarpulla¹,

Misra²

2016

SPIE Newsroom

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“…Additionally, we show that additive back contact processes such as deposition of Te or ZnTe layers, which to our knowledge are used, at least coincidentally, in all cells to date exhibiting AM1.5 efficiencies above 17%, do not induce such phase changes. Our study is also potentially applicable to other thin-film material applications where chemical etching is used to modify or change the surface chemistry. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium Selective Etching in CdTe Solar Cells Produces Detrimental Narrow-Gap Te in Grain Boundaries

Misra

Aguiar

Gardner

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Recent advances in design and processing technology have made possible commercialization of polycrystalline (px)-CdTe as a photovoltaic absorber. Grain boundaries (GBs) are the most prominent structural defects in these devices and undergo significant changes during device fabrication. However, the effects of device fabrication processes on these GBs are not entirely understood. Prevailing models of GBs in thin-film photovoltaics consider individual GBs to have homogeneous properties in their area. Here, using an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM)-based low-loss and core-loss electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), we show that back-surface etching of CdTe leads to inhomogeneity within individual grain boundaries. We observe that etching the back surface leads to the conversion of a region of GBs from CdTe to an elemental Te, which has an only 0.33 eV band gap, as deep as 1 μm from the back surface. The presence of elemental Te in GBs this deep into the absorber layer will increase recombination in the absorber layer and limit the extractable open-circuit voltage, thus reducing device efficiency. However, additive methods for back contact formation such as deposition of Te, ZnTe, or other materials preserve the CdTe stoichiometry of the GBs. Thus, especially for the next generations of CdTe-based cells having longer minority carrier diffusion length and/or thinner absorber layers, additive back contacting methods are superior.

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An open-source CFD model for computing thermal effect in the context of laser-induced semiconductor processing in photovoltaic applications

Ahmmed

Huda

2019

Journal of Computational Science

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CuInSe 2 semiconductor formation by laser annealing

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Laser annealing in thin-film chalcogenide photovoltaics

Laser annealing in thin-film chalcogenide photovoltaics

Cadmium Selective Etching in CdTe Solar Cells Produces Detrimental Narrow-Gap Te in Grain Boundaries

An open-source CFD model for computing thermal effect in the context of laser-induced semiconductor processing in photovoltaic applications

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